Gliese 1

GJ 1

Observation data Epoch J2000      Equinox J2000
Constellation	Sculptor
Right ascension	00h 05m 24.4279s[1]
Declination	−37° 21′ 26.503″[1]
Apparent magnitude (V)	8.57[2]
Characteristics
Spectral type	M1.5V[2]
U−B color index	+1.04[3]
B−V color index	+1.46[3]
Variable type	BY[4]
Astrometry
Radial velocity (Rv)	+23.6 ± 2[5] km/s
Proper motion (μ)	RA: 5633.95[1] mas/yr Dec.: -2336.69[1] mas/yr
Parallax (π)	229.32 ± 1.08[1] mas
Distance	14.22 ± 0.07 ly (4.36 ± 0.02 pc)
Absolute magnitude (MV)	10.35[6]
Details
Mass	0.45[7]–0.48[8] M☉
Radius	0.46–0.48[9] R☉
Temperature	3,380[10] K
Rotational velocity (v sin i)	4.8[11] km/s
Age	(0.1 ± 0.1) × 106[12] years
Other designations
GJ 1, Giclas 267-025, CD -37°15492, CPD−37°9435, GC 49, GCTP 5817.00, HD 225213, HIP 439, LHS 1, LTT 23, NLTT 134, NSV 15017, SAO 192348.[2]
Database references
SIMBAD	data

Gliese 1 (Gliese-Jahreiss 1 or GJ 1) is a red dwarf star in the constellation Sculptor, which is found in the southern celestial hemisphere. It is one of the closest stars to the Sun, at an approximate distance of 14.2 light years. However with an apparent magnitude of about 8.5 it is too faint to be seen without a telescope.^[2]

Properties

The stellar classification of this star has been rated from M1.5V to M4.0V by various sources.^[13] Gliese 1 is estimated to have 45–48%^[7][8] of the Sun's mass and 46–48%^[9] of the Sun's radius.

This star is identified as a BY Draconis type variable star with the variable star designation NSV 15017.^[4] It has also been identified as a flare star.^[14] Like other flare stars, it emits X-rays.^[15]

This star has been examined for an orbiting companion using speckle interferometry in the near infrared part of the spectrum. However, no companion was found to a magnitude limit of 10.5 at 1 AU from the primary, out to a magnitude limit of 12.5 at 10 AU.^[16] Radial velocity measurements have likewise failed to reveal the presence of a companion orbiting this star. This search excludes a planet with a few Earth masses orbiting in the habitable zone, or a Jupiter-mass planet orbiting at a radius of 1 AU or less. The radial velocity shows little or no variability, with a measurement precision of less than 20 m/s.^[17]

The space velocity components of this star are U = +77.2, V = -99.5 and W = -35.6 km/s.^[18] It is orbiting through the Milky Way galaxy with an orbital eccentricity of 0.45, and a distance from the galactic core that varies from 3,510 to 9,150 parsecs. By comparison, the Sun is currently 8,500 parsecs from the core.^[19] Stars with high peculiar velocities are termed runaway stars. This star has a high peculiar velocity of 111.3 km/s, and the velocity vector for this star may link it with the Tucana-Horologium and/or the AB Doradus stellar associations.^[12]

As it lies very close to the origin of the astronomical right ascension coordinates during the 1950 Epoch, it became the first star in both the Gliese Catalogue of Nearby Stars and the Luyten Half-Second star catalogues.^[20][21]

See also

• List of nearest stars

References

1. ^ ^{a b c d e} Perryman, M. A. C. et al. (1997), "The Hipparcos Catalogue", Astronomy & Astrophysics 323: L49–L52, Bibcode 1997A&A...323L..49P 
2. ^ ^{a b c d} "NSV 15017 -- Flare Star". SIMBAD. Centre de Données astronomiques de Strasbourg. http://simbad.u-strasbg.fr/simbad/sim-basic?Ident=NSV+15017. Retrieved 2006-06-12. 
3. ^ ^{a b} Cousins, A. W. J. (1973). "UBV Photometry of Some Southern Stars (Third List)". Monthly Notes Astronomical Society of South Africa 32 (2): 43–48. 
4. ^ ^{a b} "General Catalogue of Variable Stars NSV 15017". Centre de Données astronomiques de Strasbourg. http://www.sai.msu.su/gcvs/cgi-bin/search.cgi?search=NSV+15017+. Retrieved 2009-12-14. 
5. ^ Wilson, R. E. (1953). General Catalogue of Stellar Radial Velocities. Carnegie Institute of Washington D.C.. Bibcode 1953GCRV..C......0W. 
6. ^ Schmitt JHMM, Liefke C (April 2004). "NEXXUS: A comprehensive ROSAT survey of coronal X-ray emission among nearby solar-like stars". Astron Astrophys. 417: 651–65. arXiv:astro-ph/0308510. Bibcode 2004A&A...417..651S. doi:10.1051/0004-6361:20030495. 
7. ^ ^{a b} Zechmeister, M.; Kürster, M.; Endl, M. (August 6, 2009). "The M dwarf planet search programme at the ESO VLT + UVES. A search for terrestrial planets in the habitable zone of M dwarfs". arXiv:0908.0944. 
8. ^ ^{a b} "The One Hundred Nearest Star Systems". RECONS. Georgia State University. 2009-01-01. http://www.chara.gsu.edu/RECONS/TOP100.posted.htm. Retrieved 2009-09-08. 
9. ^ ^{a b} Pasinetti Fracassini, L. E.; Pastori, L.; Covino, S.; Pozzi, A. (February 2001). "Catalogue of Apparent Diameters and Absolute Radii of Stars (CADARS) - Third edition - Comments and statistics". Astronomy and Astrophysics 367: 521–524. arXiv:astro-ph/0012289. Bibcode 2001A&A...367..521P. doi:10.1051/0004-6361:20000451.  Note: Search the VizieR catalogue II/224 for HD 225213.
10. ^ Gautier, Thomas N., III; et al. (September 2007). "Far-Infrared Properties of M Dwarfs". The Astrophysical Journal 667 (1): 527–536. Bibcode 2007ApJ...667..527G. doi:10.1086/520667. 
11. ^ Schröder, C.; Reiners, A.; Schmitt, J. H. M. M. (January 2009). "Ca II HK emission in rapidly rotating stars. Evidence for an onset of the solar-type dynamo". Astronomy and Astrophysics 493 (3): 1099–1107. Bibcode 2009A&A...493.1099S. doi:10.1051/0004-6361:200810377. 
12. ^ ^{a b} Tetzlaff, N.; Neuhäuser, R.; Hohle, M. M. (January 2011). "A catalogue of young runaway Hipparcos stars within 3 kpc from the Sun". Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society 410 (1): 190–200. Bibcode 2011MNRAS.410..190T. doi:10.1111/j.1365-2966.2010.17434.x. 
13. ^ M1.5: SIMBAD. M3: Gautier, Thomas N., III; et al (2007). M3: Schmitt, J. H. M. M.; et al (2004). M4: Eggen, Olin J. (1996) M4: Pasinetti-Fracassini, L. E.; et al (2001).
14. ^ Pasinetti Fracassini, L. E.; Pastori, L.; Covino, S.; Pozzi, A. (November 1999). "Catalogue of Apparent Diameters and Absolute Radii of Stars (CADARS) - Third edition". Astronomy and Astrophysics Supplement 139: 555–558. Bibcode 1999A&AS..139..555G. doi:10.1051/aas:1999407. 
15. ^ Schmitt JHMM, Fleming TA, Giampapa MS (September 1995). "The X-ray view of the low-mass stars in the solar neighborhood". Ap J. 450 (9): 392–400. Bibcode 1995ApJ...450..392S. doi:10.1086/176149. 
16. ^ Leinert, C.; Henry, T.; Glindemann, A.; McCarthy, D. W., Jr. (September 1997). "A search for companions to nearby southern M dwarfs with near-infrared speckle interferometry". Astronomy and Astrophysics 325: 159–166. Bibcode 1997A&A...325..159L. 
17. ^ Zechmeister, M.; Kürster, M.; Endl, M. (October 2009). "The M dwarf planet search programme at the ESO VLT + UVES. A search for terrestrial planets in the habitable zone of M dwarfs". Astronomy and Astrophysics 505 (2): 859–871. arXiv:0908.0944. Bibcode 2009A&A...505..859Z. doi:10.1051/0004-6361/200912479. 
18. ^ Eggen, Olin J. (January 1996). "Distribution and Corrlation of Age, Abundance, and Motion of Lower Main Sequence Stars". Astronomical Journal 111: 466–475. Bibcode 1996AJ....111..466E. doi:10.1086/117797. 
19. ^ Allen, Christine; Santillan, Alfredo (October 1991). "An improved model of the galactic mass distribution for orbit computations". Revista Mexicana de Astronomia y Astrofisica 22: 255–263. Bibcode 1991RMxAA..22..255A. 
20. ^ Gliese, W. (1969). "Catalogue of Nearby Stars". Veröffentlichungen des Astronomischen Rechen-Instituts Heidelberg. Bibcode 1969VeARI..22....1G. 
21. ^ Luyten, W. J. (1976). LHS (Luyten half-second) Catalogue.. Minneapolis, Minnesota: University of Minnesota. http://adsabs.harvard.edu//abs/1976lhsc.book.....L. Retrieved 2009-09-09.