Ford Fusion Hybrid

Ford Fusion Hybrid
Ford Fusion Hybrid
2010 Ford Fusion Hybrid
Manufacturer Ford Motor Company
Production 2009–
Assembly Hermosillo, Sonora, Mexico
Class Mid-size
Body style 4-door sedan
Layout FF layout
Platform Ford CD3 platform
Engine Gasoline:
I4 2.5 L /156 hp (116 kW) Atkinson cycle
Electric:
Permanent Magnet AC Synchronous Motor
106 hp (79 kW) @ 6,500 rpm, 275 volts
Transmission Aisin power split device
Wheelbase 107.4 in (2,728 mm)
Length 190.6 in (4,841 mm)
Width 72.2 in (1,834 mm)
Height 56.9 in (1,445 mm)
Curb weight 3,720 lb (1,690 kg)
Related Mercury Milan Hybrid
Lincoln MKZ Hybrid
Ford Fusion

The Ford Fusion Hybrid is a gasoline-electric hybrid powered version of the mid-size Ford Fusion sedan developed by the Ford Motor Company, and launched to the U.S. market in March 2009 as a 2010 model, together with its twin the Mercury Milan Hybrid.[1] The Fusion Hybrid is manufactured at Ford's Hermosillo Stamping & Assembly plant, located in Sonora, Mexico.[2] Ford set a modest sales target of about 25,000 vehicles a year for the Fusion Hybrid and the similar Mercury Milan.[3] In January 2010 the Fusion Hybrid won the 2010 North American Car of the Year Award at the North American International Auto Show in Detroit.[4]

U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) ratings for the Ford Fusion Hybrid are 41 miles per US gallon (5.7 L/100 km; 49 mpg-imp) for city and 36 miles per US gallon (6.5 L/100 km; 43 mpg-imp) for highway.[5][2] When driving on electric-only mode (EV mode) the Fusion can achieve 47 mph[2] and up to 2 miles (3.2 km) of continuous EV driving under ideal conditions.[6] A full tank delivers 700 miles (1,126.5 km) in city driving.[6][5][3][2]

Contents

History and development

The hybrid electric version of the Fusion was announced at the 2005 North American International Auto Show, along with the public introduction of the original 2006 Fusion. At that time Ford announced that the hybrid version was scheduled to be introduced in early 2009 for the 2010 model year, for a suggested retail price of US$27,270.[7][8] The new Fusion Hybrid and Fusion Sport officially debuted at the Greater Los Angeles Auto Show in November 2008.[9]

The Milan and Fusion hybrids share the same powertrain but feature different front and rear fascia designs, and distinct headlamps and taillights.

The Fusion Hybrid was made available for press testing in December 2008 and launched to the U.S market in March 2009. During the same month two other new hybrid models also came on sale, the Honda Insight and the Mercury Milan.[1] During the few days that were available to the public, Ford's new Fusion and Milan hybrids sold a combined 451 units, representing 3.0% of all Fusion and Milan models sold in March 2009.[1]

The Fusion is the first new hybrid vehicle the Ford brand offered in five years, and is the second hybrid vehicle after the Ford Escape Hybrid. The Ford Fusion and Mercury Milan hybrids join the Saturn Vue Green Line Hybrid for Mexican-built hybrid vehicles.[citation needed]

The 2011 Lincoln MKZ Hybrid, launched in the U.S. market in September 2010, shares the hybrid powertrain from the Ford Fusion and Mercury Milan hybrids, and delivers an estimated fuel economy of 41 mpg-US (5.7 L/100 km; 49 mpg-imp). The MKZ Hybrid offers several improvements of Ford's Smart Gauge with EcoGuide, first introduced in the 2010 Fusion Hybrid.[10][11]

Design and technology

The Fusion Hybrid is identified by Ford's leaf road logo badge.
2010 Ford Fusion Hybrid at the 2009 Washington DC Auto Show.
The 2010 Ford Fusion Hybrid promotional vehicle involved in the 1000 Mile Challenge

The Fusion Hybrid is a "full" hybrid because both propulsion sources, an electric motor powered by a Sanyo supplied[12] 275 V nickel-metal hydride battery, and a 2.5L Atkinson cycle I4 156 hp 136 ft.lbs.[citation needed] gas engine with late intake valve closing (iVCT), have substantial power ratings and either can be used alone to propel the vehicle.[2][13] When braking or decelerating, the Fusion's hybrid system uses regenerative braking, where the electric drive motor becomes a generator, converting the vehicle's momentum back to electricity for storage in the batteries. Ford claims that nearly 94 percent energy recovery is achieved by first delivering full regenerative braking followed by friction brakes during city driving.[2] Under ideal conditions, Ford claims the Fusion Hybrid can cruise 2 miles (3.2 km) at up to 47 miles per hour (76 km/h) on battery power alone.[6]

Safety

The Ford Fusion line-up was included in the Insurance Institute for Highway Safety 2010 "Top Safety Pick's" rating for the mid-size category.[14][15] As of June 2010, Ford Fusion and Mercury Milan hybrids are the only two mid-size hybrid vehicles in the list.[16] Due to the fact that Ford recently modified and strengthened the roof structure of the Flex, Fusion, and MKT vehicles, these 2010 ratings apply only to Lincoln MKZs, Mercury Milan and Fusions built after April 2010.[14]

Sales

During 2009 the Fusion Hybrid sold in the U.S. market a total of 15,554 units and the Milan Hybrid 1,486 units, as reported by the manufacturers. Although the Fusion Hybrid helped Ford bypass Honda to become the second biggest seller of hybrids in the US market in the month of December 2009, for the whole year of 2009, Honda sold more hybrid vehicles (35,691 units) than Ford (33,520 units) and the 2010 Honda Insight also outsold the Fusion Hybrid, with 20,572 units.[17]

For the year 2010, U.S. sales of Ford Fusion Hybrid reached of 20,816 units, helping the model to become the third best selling hybrid in 2010 after the Toyota Prius and Honda Insight.[18] The Milan Hybrid sold 1,416 units in 2010 and its production was discontinued as part of Ford's decision to phase out the entire Mercury brand.[18][19] Purchases from the Obama administration accounted for almost a third of the Ford Fusion Hybrids produced between 2009 and late 2010.[20]

Ford reported that Fusion sales reached 151,004 units through July 2011, of which, 7,780 were the hybrid version, representing a 5.1% market share of all Fusion sales.[21][22] Considering cumulative sales of 7,996 units until August 2011, the Fusion Hybrid ranks as the fifth most sold hybrid model in 2011, and was outsold only by the Hyundai Sonata Hybrid, Honda CR-Z, Honda Insight, and Toyota Prius.[23]

Fuel economy and environmental performance

The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) has rated the fuel economy for the 2010 Fusion Hybrid at 41 miles per US gallon (5.7 L/100 km; 49 mpg-imp) city, 36 miles per US gallon (6.5 L/100 km; 43 mpg-imp) highway.[24] The following table compares fuel economy, carbon footprint, and petroleum consumption between the hybrid version and other drivetrains of the Fusion family as estimated by the EPA and the U.S. Department of Energy:

Economic and environmental performance comparison among
the several Fusion powertrains available in the U.S. market
Type of
Powertrain		 Type of
fuel		 Year
model		 EPA
City
mileage
(mpg)		 EPA
Highway
mileage
(mpg)		 Annual
fuel
cost (1) (2)
(USD)		 Carbon
footprint
(Ton/yr
of CO2) (3)		 Annual
Petroleum
Use
(barrel)
Hybrid electric FWD
Automatic (variable gear ratios), 4 cyl, 2.5L[25]		 Gasoline 2011 41 36 $1,083 4.8 8.8
FWD Automatic 6-spd, 4 cyl, 2.5L[26] Gasoline 2011 23 33 $1,629 7.2 13.2
FWD Automatic (S6), 6 cyl, 3.0L[27] Gasoline 2011 20 28 $1,840 8.1 14.9
E85 flex-fuel 2011 14 21 $2,269 6.6 5.0
FWD Automatic (S6), 6 cyl, 3.5L[28] Gasoline 2011 18 27 $2,013 8.9 16.3
AWD Automatic (S6), 6 cyl, 3.0L[29] Gasoline 2011 18 26 $2,115 9.3 17.1
E85 flex-fuel 2011 13 19 $2,421 7.1 5.3
Notes: (1) Estimates assumes 45% highway driving, 55% city driving, and 15,000 annual miles. (2) Average U.S. prices: $2.82/gallon for
gasoline, and $2.42/gallon for E85 fuel. E85 prices vary widely by region. As of early November 2010 the minimum price was $2.02/gallon in
Illinois and the maximum price was $2.99/gallon in New York.[30] (3) Direct carbon footprint only and does not account for any potential
indirect land use change impacts of biofuels.

The Ford Fusion Hybrid EPA's fuel economy rating is better than the Toyota Camry Hybrid (32 miles per gallon city, 33 highway), the Nissan Altima Hybrid (35 miles per gallon city, 33 highway), and the Chevrolet Malibu Hybrid (26 miles per gallon city, 34 highway), considered its main competitors in the mid-size sedan segment.

Economic and environmental performance comparison
among hybrid car models available in the U.S.[31][32][33]
Vehicle Year
model		 EPA
City
mileage
(mpg)		 EPA
Highway
mileage
(mpg)		 Annual
fuel
cost (1)
(USD)		 Carbon
footprint
(Ton/yr of CO2)		 EPA
Air Pollution
Score(2)		 CARB
Global
Warming
Score		 Passenger
volume
(in ft.3)
Toyota Prius 2010 51 48 $819 3.7 8 10 94
Ford Fusion Hybrid/
Mercury Milan Hybrid		 2010 41 36 $1,048 4.7 8 9 101
Lincoln MKZ Hybrid 2011 41 36 $1,048 4.7 8 9 99
Honda Civic Hybrid 2010 40 45 $975 4.5 9 10 91
Honda Insight 2010 40 43 $999 4.5 8/9 10 85
Lexus HS 2010 35 34 $1,171 5.4 8/9 9 90
Nissan Altima Hybrid 2010 35 33 $1,204 5.5 9.5[34] 9 101
Toyota Camry Hybrid 2010 33 34 $1,204 5.5 8 9 101
Toyota Camry Hybrid 2011 31 35 $1,241 5.7 NA 9 101
Notes: (1) Estimates assumes 45% highway driving, 55% city driving, and 15,000 annual miles. (2) All states except California and Northeastern states.

In 2009, Edmunds tested a Fusion Hybrid over two days of mixed city and highway driving against other hybrids or fuel efficient cars like the Toyota Prius, the Honda Insight, the Volkswagen Jetta TDI automatic and the MINI Cooper with manual transmission.[35] The results are summarized in the following table:

Edmunds comparison of the Fusion Hybrid
with several hybrids and fuel efficient cars[35]
(mpg)
Vehicle Back roads City loop Highway Overall EPA
City/Hwy
2010 Toyota Prius 47.2 48.7 47.4 47.6 51/48
2010 Honda Insight 44.1 43.4 38.6 42.3 40/43
2009 Volkswagen Jetta TDI A6 41.2 31.6 40.6 38.1 29/40
2010 Ford Fusion Hybrid 39.6 35.1 36.0 37.3 41/36
2009 MINI Cooper M6 38.5 30.1 33.3 34.5 28/37

Motor Trend found that their Fusion Hybrid delivered only 33.5 miles per US gallon (7.02 L/100 km; 40.2 mpg-imp) in 500 miles (800 km) of mixed driving, 5 miles per US gallon (47 L/100 km; 6.0 mpg-imp) off the EPA combined rating. Over another 160 miles (260 km) of testing against a Toyota Camry Hybrid, the same car only achieved 31.8 miles per US gallon (7.40 L/100 km; 38.2 mpg-imp), while the Camry Hybrid delivered 32.7 miles per US gallon (7.19 L/100 km; 39.3 mpg-imp). "If our early numbers hold up, the Fusion Hybrid would be a rare instance of the EPA relapsing into the world of mileage make-believe." However, they noted that when driven very conservatively, the EPA numbers could be achieved. "In typical driving, you might as well throw the Fusion's EPA numbers out the window. But if you decide to really work at it, they're possible."[36] Car and Driver also tested a Fusion Hybrid and achieved no more than 34 miles per US gallon (6.9 L/100 km; 41 mpg-imp) over 300 miles (480 km) of driving, which was greater than the Camry Hybrid (31 miles per US gallon (7.6 L/100 km; 37 mpg-imp)) or Nissan Altima Hybrid (32 miles per US gallon (7.4 L/100 km; 38 mpg-imp)) though not by the margin indicated by the EPA ratings.[37]

According to Ford, the vehicle was built to have a fuel efficiency of 41 mpg in the city and 36 mpg on the highway by EPA standards.[38] On December 2008, AutoblogGreen staff reported they had obtained in-city mileage of 43.1 mpg on the streets of Los Angeles.[39] In addition, a Los Angeles Times reporter informed in December 2008 that he had obtained 52 mpg in mixed city-highway driving with little difficulty.[40]

On a single-tank publicity stunt conducted on April 2009, a Fusion Hybrid managed 81.5 miles per US gallon (2.89 L/100 km; 97.9 mpg-imp) on a 1,445.7 mile trip.[41][42]

Edmunds' InsideLine received a 2010 Fusion Hybrid as a long-term test car. Over 11,000 miles (18,000 km) of driving, their vehicle had only averaged 31.3 mpg-US (7.51 L/100 km; 37.6 mpg-imp), with a best tank of 37.7 mpg-US (6.24 L/100 km; 45.3 mpg-imp) and a worst tank of 24.4 mpg-US (9.64 L/100 km; 29.3 mpg-imp).[43]

SmartGauge for eco driving

Digital panels to keep track of eco driving style (top) and current drive propulsion (bottom).

The Fusion Hybrid comes with a SmartGauge with EcoGuide which features two 4.3-inch high-resolution, full-color LCD screens on either side of the vehicle’s analog speedometer. The objective of these panel display is to coach drivers on how to optimize the performance of their hybrid by keeping track of their eco driving improvements.[44][45][46]

These screens can be configured to show different levels of driver information, including fuel and battery power levels, and average and instant fuel economy. When set in tutorial mode, the instrument panel in the right side “grows” leaves and vines on-screen to reward fuel-efficient driving. The more leaves and vines that appear, the more efficient the driving behavior is and the more fuel is being saved. Long-term fuel efficiency can be also be displayed as a traditional chart. The left side display shows when the car is in pure-electric mode, and shows the state of battery charge.[44][45][46]

The 2011 Lincoln MKZ Hybrid, launched in September 2010, offers an improvement of Ford's SmartGauge with EcoGuide introduced with the 2010 Fusion and Milan hybrids.[10][11]

Tax credit

The Fusion Hybrid qualified for a maximum hybrid tax credit of US$3,400 if purchased by March 31, 2009. The credit dropped to US$ 1,700 if purchased by September 30, 2009, to US$850 if purchased from October 2009 and March 31, 2010, and phased out on April 1, 2010.[47]

Other markets

The Brazilian version of the Fusion Hybrid was unveiled at the 2010 São Paulo International Auto Show. Sales will begin in November 2010 at a price of R$133.900 (~US$78.500), and Fusion Hybrid will become the first full hybrid car sold in Brazil.[48] Imported from Mexico, the Fusion Hybrid engine performance and fuel system durability has been tested with the Brazilian mandatory E20 to E25 ethanol blends.[49]

Future

A complete redesign of the Ford Fusion line-up is schedule for model years 2013.[50] The Fusion Hybrid is expected to use a new compact lithium-ion battery pack and an updated powertrain, shared by the Lincoln MKZ Hybrid, that is expected to deliver a higher fuel economy of up to 47 to 48 mpg-US (4.9 to 5.0 L/100 km; 56 to 58 mpg-imp) highway. The next generation Ford Fusion Hybrid is expected to be launched by early 2012, and the Lincoln MKZ Hybrid by mid-2012.[51][52]

Awards and recognitions

2010 Motor Trend Car of the Year trophy won by the Ford Fusion line-up exhibited at the 2010 Washington Auto Show.

See also

References

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