Marion Mushkat

Prof Marion Mushkat (Polish: Marian Muszkat; born November 5, 1909 – died September 30, 1995) was a Polish lawyer, colonel, judge, specialist of international public law, military law and international affairs.

Prof Muszkat signature

Biography

Prof Muszkat was born in Suwałki (Poland), there he spent his childhood and graduated from primary and then secondary school. In 1927 he started studies at the University of Warsaw. In Warsaw Muszkat studied law, simultaneously worked as a clerk in factories and as a school teacher. As a student he supported and belonged to socialist academic organizations. Muskat was a distinctive student, thereby Law Faculty Warsaw University directed him to France to study at University of Nancy. During his stay in Nancy, Muszkat created new ideas about public international law, peremptory norm and international problems (especially to concern of Third World). In 1931 Muszkat gained degree Master of Law, in 1936 at the same University he gained degree Doctor of Law.

During World War II, Muszkat at first stayed in Vilnius, there worked in Prawda Wileńska magazine, and lectured at the Vilnius University. In June 1941 he evacuated to the Soviet Union. In the years 1941–1943 was a clerk in kolkhoz and academic in Gzy – Orda Pedagogic Institute. In May 1943 Muszkat to join the Polish Army (Ludowe Wojsko Polskie). Having completed officers course, served as lieutenant on Polish 1st Tadeusz Kościuszko Infantry Division. In October 1943 he became a judge of The Martial Court at Polish First Army. In 1945 he got promoted to the judge of Supreme Court Martial. In SCM Muszkat was a vice-chairman and chief War Crimes Commission. Since 1945 was a member of Polish Workers' Party (PPR). 5 December 1946 doctor Marian Muszkat was demobilized from army as a colonel.

After war he began work in Polish Ministry of Justice as chief Polish Military Mission to Investigation German War Crimes. Mushkat was a famous specialist to field international public law, therefore Ministry of Justice dispatched his to Nuremberg, as chairperson of Polish delegation. On the Nuremberg Trials Mushkat directed Polish delegation which also included Prof Tadeusz Cyprian and prosecutors: Prof Jerzy Sawicki and Dr Stanisław Piotrowski. They prepared “Polish indictment” containing the list of proved Nazi war crimes committed in Polish territory.

Having returned to Poland he began scientific and didactic activity. At University of Warsaw he lectured military law and international public law in International Public and Private Law Department, directed by prof Cezary Berezowski.^[1] He also lectured at Central Law School, General Headquarters Academy and Polish International Affairs Institute (1950-1951 its director).

In 1950 Muszkat for dissertation “International criminal law, new domain development” got professor degree. He was co-founder and editor Law and Life magazine.

Mushkat has got socialist point of view, he propagate communist ideas, especially his mentor Andriej Wyszynski. Amongst scientist Muszkat has got some opponents. For instance prof. Stefan Korboński claimed that vievs of Muszkat makes of judges politic institution, of prosecutors masters life and died all people (...) of barristers police helpers.

In 1957 Muszkat abandoned Poland and went to Israel. At Tel Aviv University he lectured international public law and international affairs. In 1961 Yad Vashem Institute designated his as co-ordinator and adviser to Adolf Eichmann trial. Muszkat at Israel's government request was a consultant in many strategic matters undertook by this country.^[2]

Professor Muszkat was a member of many international institutes, organizations, and associations, for example:

• International Peace Institute
• World Academy of Art and Science
• American Academy of Political and Social Science
• International Bar Association
• World Federalist Movement
• National Institute of Justice

He participated in many congresses and symposiums on the whole world to field politic research, peace research and futurology. Muszkat is author of many publications edited in: Polish, English, French, Hebrew, German, Russian, Czech, Hungarian and Chinese, too. He wrote first Polish modern textbook to international public law “Outline of the International Public Law” Muszkat M. (edit.), Warsaw 1955 (two volumes).

He died September 30, 1995 in Haifa.

Distinctions

• Medal for Valor
• For Merits in Field of Glory
• Polonia Restituta
• Cross of Grunwald (third class)
• Medal 10 Years Polish Democratic Republic

Some publications^[3]

• Polish Charges against German War Criminals submitted to the UN War Crimes Commission, Warsaw 1948;
• The Protection of Human Rights, Warsaw 1948;
• Some Problems of Israel's Development: An Outline, Hamburg 1971;
• The Evolution of the Situation in Poland in 1980, Koln 1981;
• The Third World and Peace: Some Aspects of the Interrelationship of Underdevelopment and International Security, New York-Hampshire 1982;
• Philo-Semitic and Anti-Jews Attitudes in Post-Holocaust Poland, Lewiston-Queenstown-Lampeter 1992.

See also

• Commission for the Examination of German Crimes in Poland
• Institute of National Remembrance
• Supreme National Tribunal
• Philo-Semitism

References

1. ^ K. Karski, A Brief Review of Instruction on the Public International Law at the University of Warsaw, ,,Miscellanea Iuris Gentium” 1991, vol.2;
2. ^ K. Karski, Marian Muszkat – Professor of Law and International Relations, (in:) The Polish Diplomatic Review no 4 (38) 2007
3. ^ Ch. Boasson, M. Nurock (red.), The Changing International Community. Some problems of its laws, structure, peace research and the Middle Est conflict. Essays in honour of Marion Mushkat, The Huge-Paris 1973;

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Name	Muszkat
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Date of birth	November 5, 1909
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Date of death	September 30, 1995
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