List of Pomeranian duchies and dukes

Location of the residence cities of the Dukes of Pomerania (blue) and Pomerelia (ocre) within the modern borders of Pomerania

10th and 11th century – Dukes of the Slavic Pomeranian tribes

• 1046 mention of Zemuzil (in Polish literature also called Siemomysł)
• 1113 Gallus Anonymus mentions several dukes of Pomerania: Swantibor, Gniewomir, and an unnamed duke besieged in Kołobrzeg.

Duchy of Pomerania

Further information: Duchy of Pomerania

The Pomeranian Griffin

• 1121–1135 Wartislaw I
• 1135–1155 Ratibor I, ancestor of the Ratiboriden branch of the House of Pomerania that ruled Schlawe-Stolp

From 1155, the duchy was co-ruled by the dukes of Szczecin and Demmin.

• 1155–1187 Bogislaw I (Stettin) and his brother Kasimir I (Demmin, †1180), in 1181 Bogislaw I became a vassal of the Holy Roman Empire, between 1185 and 1227 the dukes of Pomerania were Danish vassals
• 1187–1220 Bogislaw II (Stettin) and his brother Kasimir II (Demmin, †1219)
• 1220–1278 Barnim I the Good (Stettin) and Wartislaw III (Demmin, †1264), since 1227 the dukes were again vassals of the Holy Roman Empire

In 1231 Emperor Frederick II granted the immediate liege lordship over Pomerania to the Margrave of Brandenburg, who enforced this claim by the Treaties of Kremmen (1236) and of Landin (1250). Thus Pomerania had become a fief of Brandenburg, thus an only mediate (indirect) subfief of the Empire, with Brandenburg itself being an immediate imperial fief.

After Wartislaw III died heirless in 1264, Barnim I became sole duke of the whole duchy. After Barnim's death, the duchy was to be ruled by his sons Barnim II, Otto I and Bogislaw IV. The first years, Bogislaw, being the eldest, ruled in place of his too young brothers, too. In 1295, after Barnim's death, the duchy was partitioned into a northern duchy (Wolgast, ruled by Bogislaw), and a southern duchy (Stettin, ruled by Otto).

After 200 years of partition, the duchy was reunited for a short period when all her parts were inherited by Bogislaw X.

• 1478–1523 Bogislaw X
• 1523–1531 George I and Barnim XI

Partitioned into Pomerania-Stettin, -Barth, -Wolgast and -Rügenwalde (Darłowo)

• 1625–1637 Bogislaw XIV, holding reunited Pomerania, but since 1630 under Swedish occupation; with his death the ducal house was extinct in the male line
• 1637 Brandenburg claimed the fief of Pomerania had reverted to its liege lord (Brandenburg), however it could not prevail against the de facto power of the Swedish occupants
• 1637–1815 Sweden continued to hold western parts of Pomerania (Hither Pomerania), originally incl. Stettin, legalised by the Peace of Westphalia in 1648 (Swedish Pomerania, several times reduced in favour of Brandenburgian Pomerania)
• 1637–1657 Lauenburg-Bütow Land came to Poland, thereafter to Brandenburg
• 1648–1806 Brandenburg prevailed in the Peace of Westphalia with its claim only for eastern parts of Pomerania (Farther Pomerania), with the Brandenburg electors officially holding simultaneously the title of dukes of Pomerania until 1806 (end of the Empire and its enfeoffments), but de facto integrating their Pomerania into Brandenburg-Prussia, making it one of the provinces of Prussia in 1815, then including former Swedish Pomerania.

Pomerania-Demmin

(to 1156 part of Duchy of Pomerania)

• 1156–1180 Casimir I
• 1180–1184 Wartislaw II
• 1184–1219/20 Casimir II
• 1219/20–1264 Wartislaw III

In 1264, Pomerania-Demmin was inherited and incorporated into Pomerania-Stettin

Pomerania-Stettin (Szczecin)

• 1155–1187 Bogislaw I
• 1187–1220 Bogislaw II
• 1278–1295 Barnim II, Otto I, Bogislaw IV
• 1295–1344 Otto I
• 1344–1368 Barnim III
• 1368–1372 Casimir III (IV)
• 1372–1404 Swantibor I, Bogislaw VII
• 1404–1413 Swantibor I
• 1413–1428 Otto II, Casimir V
• 1428–1435 Casimir V
• 1435–1451 Joachim I
• 1451–1464 Otto III
• 1464–1474 Erik II
• 1474–1523 Bogislaw X
• 1523–1531 George I, Barnim IX
• 1531–1569 Barnim XI
• 1569–1600 John Frederick
• 1600–1603 Barnim X
• 1603–1606 Bogislaw XIII
• 1606–1618 Philip II
• 1618–1620 Francis
• 1620–1625 Bogislaw XIV

(from 1625 part of united Duchy of Pomerania)

Pomerania-Wolgast

In 1295, the Duchy of Pomerania was divided roughly by the Peene and Ihna rivers, with the areas north of these rivers ruled by Bogislaw IV became Pomerania-Wolgast, whereas Otto I received Pomerania-Stettin south of these rivers.

• 1295–1309 Bogislaw IV, Duke of Pomerania
• 1309–1326 Wartislaw IV, Duke of Pomerania
• 1326–1365 Bogislaw V, Wartislaw V and Barnim IV
• 1365–1368 Bogislaw V and Wartislaw V
• 1368–1376 Bogislaw VI, Duke of Pomerania and Wartislaw IV (?)
• 1376–1393 Bogislaw VI, Duke of Pomerania
• 1393–1394 Wartislaw VI
• 1394–1405 Barnim VI
• 1405–1451 Barnim VII and Wartislaw IX
• 1451–1457 Wartislaw IX
• 1457–1474 Eric II

• 1474–1523 Bogislaw X (from 1478 all Pomerania)
• 1523–1531 Barnim IX and George I

During the following partition, Pomerania-Wolgast comprised Vorpommern without Stettin and Gartz (Oder), but including Greifenberg

• 1532–1560 Philip I
• 1567–1569 Bogislaw XIII, Ernest Louis, Johann Friedrich and Barnim X
• 1569–1592 Ernest Louis
• 1592–1625 Philipp Julius

(from 1625 part of united Duchy of Pomerania)

Pomerania-Barth

Further information: Pomerania-Barth

(to 1376 part of Pomerania-Wolgast)

• 1376–1415 Wartislaw VI
• 1394–1415 Wartislaw VIII
• 1415–1451 Barnim VIII
• 1457–1478 Wartislaw X

(1478–1531 part of Duchy of Pomerania)
(1531–1569 part of Pomerania-Wolgast)

• 1569–1606 Bogislaw XIII
• 1606–1620 Francis

(from 1620 part of Pomerania-Stettin)

Pomerania-Rügenwalde (Darłowo)

(until 1569 part of Pomerania-Stettin)

• 1569–1603 Barnim X
• 1603–1606 Bogislaw XIII
• 1606–1617 George II and Bogislaw XIV
• 1617–1620 Bogislaw XIV

• from 1620 part of Pomerania-Stettin

Pomerania-Stolp (Słupsk)

(before 1316 Schlawe-Stolp, 1316–1368 part of Pomerania-Wolgast)

• 1368–1373 Bogislaw V
• 1374–1377 Casimir IV (V)
• 1377–1395 Wartislaw VII
• 1395–1402 Bogislaw VIII and Barnim V
• 1402–1403 Barnim V
• 1403–1418 Bogislaw VIII
• 1418–1446 Bogislaw IX
• 1449–1459 Eric I

(from 1459 part of Pomerania-Wolgast)

Pomerania-Stargard

(to 1377 part of Pomerania-Stolp)

• 1377–1402 Bogislaw VIII (Stolp) and Barnim V (Traburg)
• 1402–1418 Bogislaw VIII
• 1418–1446 Bogislaw IX

(from 1459 to Pomerania-Wolgast)

Lands of Schlawe and Stolp

Further information: Lands of Schlawe and Stolp

• 1121–1156 Ratibor I (from 1147/8 also duke of Pomerania)

(to ca 1190 part of Duchy of Pomerania)

• 1190–1223 Bogislaw
• 1223–1227 Ratibor II

In 1227, Stolp came to Pomerelia, Schlawe to Pomerania. In 1238–1316 both became part of Pomerelia, ruled by an autonomously acting dynasty of castellans, the Swenzones (German: Swenzonen, entering history in 1257 with Swenzo the Elder). In 1316, the area became part of the Pomerania-Wolgast, first as a pawn from Brandenburg, and definitely in 1347.

Principality of Rugia

Further information: Principality of Rugia

1168–1325 feudal fief of Denmark under local rulers:

• 1162–1170 Tezlaw
• 1170–1217 Jaromar I
• 1218–1249 Wizlaw I
• 1249–1260 Jaromar II
• 1260–1302 Wizlaw II
• 1303–1325 Wizlaw III

From 1325 Pomerania-Wolgast or -Barth:

• 1325–1326 Wartislaw IV
• 1326–1368 Bogislaw V, Wartislaw V, Barnim IV
• 1368–1372 Wartislaw VI, Bogislaw VI
• 1372–1394 Wartislaw VI
• 1394–1415 Wartislaw VIII
• 1415–1432/36 Swantibor II
• 1432/36–1451 Barnim VIII
• 1451–1457 Wartislaw IX
• 1457–1478 Wartislaw X

from 1474 part of Pomerania-Wolgast

Duchy of Pomerelia

The dukes of Pomerelia were using the Latin title dux Pomeraniae ("Duke of Pomerania") or dux Pomeranorum ("Duke of the Pomeranians").

The Pomerelian Griffin

• ca. 1060–1106 Świętobor
• 1109,1113–1121 Swietopelk I (Swantopolk I)

~1155–1227 part of Poland

• 1155–1178 Sobieslaw I (Subislaw I)
• 1178–1205 Sambor I
• 1205–1215 Mestwin I (Mściwój I), the Peaceful

1215–1270 divided into duchies of:

Duchy of Gdańsk

• 1215–1266 Swietopelk II (Swantopolk II) the Great, sovereign duke from 1227
• 1266–1271 Wratislaw II

from 1271 part of Pomerelia

Duchy of Białogarda (Belgard a.d.Leba)

• 1207 Subislaw II
• 1215/1229–1257 Ratibor

from 1257 part of Pomerelia

Duchy of Lubiszewo (Liebschau)

The dukes initially resided at a burgh located in the later village of Lubiszewo (Liebschau). After the town of Dirschau (Tczew) was founded nearby in the course of the German Ostsiedlung, the dukes shiftet their residence to the town.

• 1178–1200/1207 Grzymislaw II
• 1215/1228–1266/1278 Sambor II

from 1266/1278 part of Pomerelia

Duchy of Świecie (Schwetz)

to 1178 part of Pomerelia

• 1178–1200/1207 Grzymislaw II
• 1215/1223–1229/1230 Wartislaw I of Schwetz
• 1229–1255/1266 Swietopelk II the Great
• 1255/1266–1271 Mestwin II

from 1271 part of Pomerelia

• 1271–1294 Mestwin II (Mściwój II)
• 1294–1296 Przemysł II, union with Poland (Greater Poland)

Further history:

• 1296–1299 Part of Kujavia
• 1299–1308 Part of Poland
• 1308–1466 Part of the State of the Teutonic Order
• 1454–1466 13-years war between Poland and Teutonic Order
• 1466–1772 Part of Poland
• 1772–1919 West Prussia (Westpreußen, province of Prussia and part of the German Empire from 1871)
• 1808 August – 1820 August François Joseph Lefebvre was created Duc de Danzig by Napoleon Bonaparte after taking The fortress of Danzig (1807 May)
• 1919-1939 Part of Poland again
• 1939-1945 West Prussia, province of Germany
• 1945-present Part of Poland again

See also

• History of Pomerania

Further reading

• Gerard Labuda (ed.), "Historia Pomorza", vol. 1–4, Poznan-Torun 1969–2003
• Edmund Kopicki, "Tabele dynastyczne", "Wykazy panujacych", in: "Katalog podstawowych monet i banknotow Polski oraz ziem z historycznie z Polska zwiazanych", vol. IX, part I
• Zugmunt Boras, "Ksiazeta Pomorza Zachdniego", Poznan 1969, 1978, 1996
• Casimir Kozlowski, George Podralski, "Poczet Ksiazat Pomorza Zachdniego", KAW, Szczecin 1985
• L. Badkowski, W.Samp. "Poczet ksiazat Pomorza Gdanskiego", Gdansk 1974
• B. Sliwinski, "Poczet ksiazaat gdanskich", Gdansk 1997
• Wojciech Myslenicki, "Pomorscy sprzymierzenscy Jagiellonczylow", Wyd. Poznanskie, Poznan 1979
• J. Spors, "Podzially administracyjne Pomorza Gdanskiego i Slawiensko-Slupksiego od XII do poczatkow XIV w", Slupsk 1983
• K. Slaski, "Podzially terytorialne Pomorza w XII–XII w.", Poznan 1960
• Edward Rymar, Krewni i powinowaci ksiazat pomorskich w zrodłach sredniowiecznych (XII–początek XVI w.), Materially Zachodniopomorskie, vol. XXXI

External links

• Bogislaw X
• Map of Pomerania and Pomerelia as part of the Hohenstaufen Holy Roman Empire 1138–1254.