Xavier María de Munibe e Idiáquez

Xavier María de Munibe e Idiáquez, Conde de Peñaflorida (Count of Peñaflorida) (Azkoitia, 1723—Bergara, 1785), was an important figure of Enlightenment Spain. He founded an academy in Bergara in 1748, which would become the first Sociedad Económica de los Amigos del País, and was one of the founders of the Real Compañía Guipuzcoana de Caracas.

Early life

Peñaflorida studied in Toulouse, where he established contacts with the Society of Jesus. He returned to Guipuzcoa in 1746, settled in Azkoitia and became a representative in the traditional (or foral) Provincial Assembly (Diputación) in 1750.

Enlightenment figure

Peñaflorida closely associated with two other men, the Marqués de Narros (José María de Eguía) and Manuel Ignacio Altuna. The three men came to be known as the "Gentlemen of Azkoitia" (los Caballeritos de Azcoitia) and the "Triumvirate of Azkoitia" (el Triunvirato de Azcoitia) and were responsible for promoting Enlightenment thought in Spain. In Peñaflorida's home, they founded an Enlightenment-style "academy" to discuss intellectual issues. For years the group maintained a regular program of discussing on mathematics on Mondays, physics on Tuesdays, history and literature on Wednesdays, geography on Fridays, and current events on Saturdays. It devoted Thursdays and Sundays to concerts, including works written by members of the "Gentlemen of Azkoitia" such as Fray José de Larrañaga. Out of these meetings evolved a more formal association, the Real Sociedad Bascongada de Amigos del País. Its incorporation charter and bylaws were presented to the government in 1763 and approved two years later. Peñaflorida, as its main proponent, was selected as its director for life. The three men also created in 1767 the Seminario de Vergara (Bergara). These two institutions proved to be key centers of Spanish Enlightenment thought and science.

Literary work

Peñaflorida was the author of many works in his lifetime. They include Los aldeanos críticos (1758), Ensayo de la Sociedad Bascongada de amigos del país (1766), and Gabon-Sariac (1762) a religious epic dealing with the life of Louise de La Vallière (although some attribute this one to Manuel Larramendi). He also wrote the music and librettos of two bilingual (Spanish-Basque) comic operas, El borracho burlado (1764) and Comedia famosa.

Sources

• Gran Enciclopedia Larousse. Barcelona, Planeta, 1988. ISBN 84-320-7370-9 (Spanish)
• Historia de la REal Sociedad Bascongada de los Amigos del País at Real Sociedad Bascongada de los Amigos del País (Spanish)
• Xavier María de Munibe e Idiaquez, Conde de Peñaflorida at Real Sociedad Bascongada de los Amigos del País (Spanish)
• Libretto of El borracho burlado (Spanish)

See also

Capilla Peñaflorida - early music ensemble established in 1985 as a tribute to the Count.

Persondata
Name	Munibe E Idiaquez, Xavier Maria
Alternative names
Short description
Date of birth	1723
Place of birth
Date of death	1785
Place of death