Antipodes Snipe

Antipodes Snipe
Scientific classification
Kingdom:	Animalia
Phylum:	Chordata
Class:	Aves
Order:	Charadriiformes
Family:	Scolopacidae
Genus:	Coenocorypha
Species:	C. aucklandica
Subspecies:	C. a. meinertzhagenae
Trinomial name
Coenocorypha aucklandica meinertzhagenae Rothschild, 1927
Synonyms
Gallinago tristrami Coenocorypha meinertzhagenae

The Antipodes Snipe or Antipodes Island Snipe (Coenocorypha aucklandica meinertzhagenae) is an isolated subspecies of the Subantarctic Snipe that is endemic to the Antipodes Islands, a subantarctic island group south of New Zealand in the Southern Ocean.

Taxonomy and etymology

The Antipodes Snipe was first collected by Fairchild in 1887, and by Andreas Reischek in 1888.^[1] It was first described by Walter Rothschild in 1893 as Gallinago tristrami in honour of Henry Baker Tristram. However, doubts were raised about the provenance of the type specimen, which appeared to be from the Auckland Islands, and Rothschild made a new description in 1927, recognising the Antipodes Island form as a subspecies of Coenocorypha aucklandica. The subspecific name honours British ornithologist Annie Meinertzhagen, the second wife of ornithologist Richard Meinertzhagen.^[2]

Description

The Antipodes Snipe is similar to the nominate subspecies – the Auckland Snipe – but differs in being darker above and with yellower underparts.^[1]

Distribution and habitat

The snipe is endemic to the Antipodes group, which has a total surface area of 22 km². It has been recorded not only from the main Antipodes Island, but also from the much smaller Bollons, Archway and Inner Windward Islands. It inhabits the islands’ tussock grasslands and herbfields, nesting under tussocks and Polystichum vestitum shield ferns.^[3]

Behaviour

Breeding

Breeding is seasonal, with egg-laying beginning in mid to late August. The typical clutch size is two.^[3] “Hakawai” aerial displays have been recorded.^[4]

Feeding

The snipe have been recorded as feeding on a variety of invertebrates, including annelids, amphipods, isopods, arachnids and insects.^[3]

Status and conservation

The population of the snipe is estimated at 8,000 birds.^[5] It has been classified as a range-restricted island endemic with a stable population.^[6]

References

Notes

1. ^ ^{a b} Oliver (1955).
2. ^ Hartert (1927).
3. ^ ^{a b c} Higgins & Davies (1996).
4. ^ Miskelly et al. (2006).
5. ^ Melville & Battley (2006).
6. ^ Miskelly et al. (2008).

Sources

• Hartert, Ernst (1927). "Types of birds in the Tring Museum". Novitates Zoologicae 34: 1–38. 
• Higgins, P.J.; & Davies, S.J.J.F. (eds). (1996). Handbook of Australian, New Zealand and Antarctic Birds. Volume 3:Snipe to Pigeons. Melbourne: Oxford University Press. pp. 54–66. ISBN 0-19-553070-5. 
• Melville, David S.; & Battley, Phil F. (2006). "Shorebirds in New Zealand". The Stilt 50: 269–277. http://www.nzshorebirds.com/downloads/melvillebattley2006.pdf. 
• Miskelly, Colin M.; Bell, Elizabeth A.; Elliott, Graeme P.; & Walker, Kath J. (2006). "'Hakawai' aerial displaying by three populations of subantarctic snipe (genus Coenocorypha).". Notornis 53 (4): 375–381. http://www.notornis.org.nz/abstract.php?volume_issue=n53_4&first_page=375. 
• Miskelly, Colin M.; Dowding, John E.; Elliott, Graeme P.; Hitchmough, Rodney A.; Powlesland, Ralph G.; Robertson, Hugh A.; Sagar, Paul M.; Scofield, R. Paul; & Taylor, Graeme A. (2008). "Conservation status of New Zealand birds, 2008". Notornis 55: 117–135. http://www.conservation.gen.nz/upload/64697/bird-conservation-status-2008.pdf. 
• Oliver, W.R.B. (1955). New Zealand Birds. Wellington: Reed. pp. 278. ISBN 0-589-00851-X.