Michigan Central Railway Tunnel

Michigan Central Railway Tunnel
Postcard picture, early 1900s
Carries	2 tracks of the Canadian Pacific Railway
Crosses	Detroit River
Locale	Detroit, Michigan Windsor, Ontario
Maintained by	Canadian Pacific Railway
Opened	July 26, 1910
Coordinates	42°19′07″N 83°03′38″W / 42.31849°N 83.06049°W / 42.31849; -83.06049Coordinates: 42°19′07″N 83°03′38″W / 42.31849°N 83.06049°W / 42.31849; -83.06049

November 2010.

A closer view

A train entering the tunnel.

The Michigan Central Railway Tunnel is a railroad tunnel under the Detroit River connecting Detroit, Michigan, USA with Windsor, Ontario, Canada. The U.S. entrance is south of Porter St. and Vermont St. near Rosa Parks Blvd. The Canadian entrance is south of Wyandotte St. W. between Cameron Ave. and Wellington Ave. It was built by the Detroit River Tunnel Company for the Canada Southern Railway, leased by the Michigan Central Railroad and owned by the New York Central Railroad. The tunnel opened in 1910 and is still in use today by the Canadian Pacific Railway. On the Detroit side, the area around the tunnel is off limits to the general public and is routinely patrolled by officers and agents of the Department of Homeland Security, Canadian Pacific Railway Police, Canadian National Railway Police, the Detroit Police, and the security elements of the bridge company.

History

Prior to the construction of the tunnel, the Canada Southern Railway had several connections to Michigan at its west end, all train ferries. The northern one ran across the St. Clair River, connecting to the St. Clair and Western Railroad. The southern connection crossed the Detroit River south of Detroit, connecting to the Canada Southern Bridge Company at Grosse Ile. Additionally a branch (usually considered the main line) split from the line to Grosse Ile at Essex, running to the Detroit River at Windsor.

In 1891 the Grand Trunk Railway opened the St. Clair Tunnel at Port Huron, giving it an advantage over the Canada Southern and its car ferries. The Detroit River Tunnel Company was formed August 15, 1905 as a merger of the Michigan and Canada Bridge and Tunnel Company (in Michigan) and the Canada and Michigan Bridge and Tunnel Company (in Canada). Construction began in October 1906 under the engineering supervision of The New York Central Railway's engineering vice president, William J. Wilgus. The Michigan Central Railway Tunnel opened for passenger service July 26, 1910. Freight service began September 15 and on October 16 all traffic began running via the tunnel, ending the use of a train car ferry. From opening it was operated by the Michigan Central Railroad under lease of December 19, 1906.

On the east (Canadian) side, the tunnel connected to the line that had served a train ferry at Windsor. On the west (U.S.) side, the tunnel connected to the Michigan Central Railroad main line west of downtown (later abandoned east of the junction), and the Michigan Central Station was built west of the junction, opening in 1913.

In 1968 the tunnel passed from the New York Central Railroad to Penn Central, and in 1976 to Conrail. In 1985, Conrail sold the tunnel to the Canadian National Railway and Canadian Pacific Railway, with each getting a half share.^[1] In early 2000 CN agreed to sell its stake to Borealis Transportation and use only the St. Clair Tunnel.^[2] Recently, plans from the Detroit River Tunnel Partnership (DRTP) were announced to construct a new railway tunnel and convert the existing railway tunnel to a two-lane road tunnel for transport trucks to alleviate pressure at the other nearby international border crossings (Ambassador Bridge, Detroit-Windsor Tunnel, and the Detroit-Windsor Truck Ferry), but these plans have been put on hold while the city governments of Windsor and Detroit, provincial/state governments of Ontario and Michigan, and federal governments of Canada and the United States determine the exact location of a future border crossing, with the City of Windsor's "GreenLink" proposal being the preferred option.

Postcard, early 1900s

Postcard, 1911

In 2010, The Windsor Port Authority, Borealis Infrastructure, and Canadian Pacific announced plans to construct a new rail tunnel compatible with double stacked trains. The initiative is known as the Continental Rail Gateway.^[3]

See also

• Detroit–Windsor Tunnel
• Ambassador Bridge
• Michigan Central Railway Bridge

References

1. ^ Trackside Guide No. 3 - Detroit, Trains, June 2003
2. ^ http://www.transport2000.ca/Hotlines/hl010302.htm
3. ^ http://www.crgateway.com/

• Railroad History Database
• History of the Michigan Central Railroad Company
• PRR Chronology