Chironomini

Chironomini
Chironomini
Chironomus plumosus Adult male
Scientific classification
Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Arthropoda
Class: Insecta
Subclass: Pterygota
Infraclass: Neoptera
Superorder: Endopterygota
Order: Diptera
Suborder: Nematocera
Infraorder: Culicomorpha
Superfamily: Chironomoidea
Family: Chironomidae
Subfamily: Chironominae
Tribe: Chironomini
Genera

See Text

Chironomini is a tribe of midges in the non-biting midge family (Chironomidae).

Genera & Species

  • A. elachistus Townes, 1945
  • A. subcinctum Townes, 1945
  • A. dorneri (Malloch, 1915)
  • A. festivus Say, 1823
  • A. rogersi (Beck and Beck, 1958)
  • A. scopula (Townes, 1945)
  • A. taenionotus (Say, 1829)
  • Genus Beardius Reiss & Sublette, 1985
  • B. truncatus Reiss & Sublette, 1985
  • Genus Beckidia Sæther 1979
  • B. biraensis Zorina, 2006[1]
  • B. connexa Zorina, 2006[1]
  • B. hirsti (Freeman, 1957)[2]
  • B. tethys (Townes, 1945)[1][3][4]
  • B. zabolotzkyi (Goetghebuer, 1938)[4][5]
  • Genus Carbochironomus Reiss & Kirschbaum 1990
  • C. improvisus Reiss & Kirschbaum, 1990
  • C. macrocera Sæther, 1977
  • C. orbicus (Townes, 1945)
  • Subgenus Camptochironomus Kieffer, 1918
  • Subgenus Chaetolabis Townes 1945
  • C. globulus Philinkova & Belyanina, 1993
  • C. macani Freeman, 1948
  • Subgenus Chironomus Meigen, 1803
  • C. aberratus Keyl, 1961
  • C. acerbus Hirvenoja, 1962
  • C. acidophilus Keyl, 1960
  • C. acutiventris acutiventris Wülker, Ryser & Scholl, 1983
  • C. acutiventris bavaricus Wülker, Ryser & Scholl, 1983
  • C. acutiventris Wülker, Ryser & Scholl, 1983
  • C. agilis Shobanov & Dyomin, 1988
  • C. anchialicus Michailova, 1974
  • C. annularius Meigen, 1818
  • C. anthracinus Zetterstedt, 1860
  • C. aprilinus Meigen, 1818
  • C. balatonicus Dévai, Wülker & Scholl, 1983
  • C. beljaninae Wülker, 1991
  • C. bernensis Klötzli, 1973
  • C. bonus Shilova & Dzhvarsheishvili, 1974
  • C. borokensis Kerkis, Filippova, Shobanov, Gunderina & Kiknadze, 1988
  • C. brevidentatus Hirvenoja & Michailova, 1998
  • C. calipterus Kieffer, 1908
  • C. cingulatus Meigen, 1830
  • C. clarus Hirvenoja, 1962
  • C. coaetaneus Hirvenoja, 1998
  • C. commutatus Keyl, 1960
  • C. crassimanus Strenzke, 1959
  • C. curabilis Belyanina, Sigareva & Loginova, 1990
  • C. dorsalis Andersen, 1949
  • C. entis Shobanov, 1989
  • C. esai Wülker, 1997
  • C. fraternus Wülker, 1991
  • C. fundatus Philinkova & Belyanina, 1993
  • C. heterodentatus Konstantinov, 1956
  • C. heteropilicornis Wülker, 1996
  • C. holomelas Keyl, 1961
  • C. hyperboreus Stæger, 1845
  • C. inermifrons Goetghebuer, 1921
  • C. islandicus (Kieffer, 1913)
  • C. jonmartini Lindeberg, 1979
  • C. lacunarius Wülker, 1973
  • C. longistylus Goetghebuer, 1921
  • C. lugubris Zetterstedt, 1850
  • C. luridus Strenzke, 1959
  • C. melanescens Keyl, 1961
  • C. melanotus Keyl, 1961
  • C. muratensis Ryser, Scholl & Wülker, 1983
  • C. neocorax Wülker & Butler, 1983
  • C. nigrifrons Linevich & Erbaeva, 1971
  • C. nigrocaudatus Erbaeva, 1968
  • C. nuditarsis Keyl, 1961
  • C. nudiventris Ryser, Scholl & Wülker, 1983
  • C. obtusidens Goetghebuer, 1921
  • C. oculatus Shobanov, 1996
  • C. pankratovi Grebenyuk, Kiknadze & Belyanina, 1989
  • C. parathummi Keyl, 1961
  • C. piger Strenzke, 1956
  • C. pilicornis (Fabricius, 1787)
  • C. plumosus (Linnaeus, 1758, 1758)
  • C. prasinus Pinder, 1978
  • C. pseudothummi Strenzke, 1959
  • C. reservatus Shobanov, 1997
  • C. riihimakiensis Wülker, 1973
  • C. riparius Meigen, 1804
  • C. salinarius Kieffer, 1915
  • C. saxatilis Wülker, Ryser & Scholl, 1981
  • C. solitus Linevich & Erbaeva, 1971
  • C. sollicitus Hirvenoja, 1962
  • C. sororius Wülker, 1973
  • C. staegeri Lundbeck, 1898
  • C. strenzkei Fittkau, 1968
  • C. striatus Strenzke, 1959
  • C. tenuistylus Brundin, 1949
  • C. uliginosus Keyl, 1960
  • C. usenicus Loginova & Belyanina, 1994
  • C. valkanovi Michailova, 1974
  • C. venustus Pinder, 1978
  • C. wulkeri Philinkova & Belyanina, 1993
  • Subgenus Lobochironomus Ryser, Wülker & Scholl, 1985
  • C. carbonarius Meigen, 1804
  • C. dissidens Walker, 1856
  • C. dorsalis Meigen, 1818
  • C. improvidus Hirvenoja, 1998
  • C. mendax Storå, 1936
  • C. montuosus Ryser, Wülker & Scholl, 1985
  • C. pseudomendax Wülker, 1999
  • C. storai Goetghebuer, 1954
  • C. amachaerus (Townes, 1945)
  • C. boydi (Beck, 1962)
  • C. collator (Townes, 1945)
  • C. edwardsi (Kruseman, 1933)
  • C. galeator (Townes, 1945)
  • C. spectabilis (Townes, 1945)
  • C. viridula (Linnaeus, 1767)
  • C. albofasciatus (Stæger, 1839)
  • C. argus Roback, 1957
  • C. blarina (Townes, 1945)
  • C. chaetoala (Sublette, 1960)
  • C. crassiforceps Goetghebuer, 1932
  • C. defectus (Kieffer, 1913)
  • C. denticulatus (Goetghebuer, 1921)
  • C. digitatus (Malloch, 1915)
  • C. fulvus Johannsen, 1905
  • C. hirtalatus (Beck and Beck, 1964)
  • C. obreptans (Walker, 1856)
  • C. parafulvus (Beck and Beck, 1964)
  • C. ponderosus (Sublette, 1964)
  • C. psittacinus (Meigen, 1830)
  • C. psittacinus Meigen, 1830
  • C. redekei (Kruseman, 1933)
  • C. rostratus Kieffer, 1921
  • C. scimitarus Townes, 1945
  • C. sorex Townes, 1945
  • C. supplicans (Meigen, 1830)
  • C. ussouriensis (Goetghebuer, 1933)
  • C. ariel (Sublette, 1960)
  • C. casuarius (Townes, 1945)
  • C. darbyi (Sublette, 1960)
  • C. darbyi (Sublette, 1960)
  • C. emorsus (Townes, 1945)
  • C. holsatus Lenz, 1959
  • C. nigronitens (Edwards, 1929)
  • C. pflugfelderi Reiss, 1964
  • C. pilicuspis Sæther, 1977
  • C. pseudotener (Goetghebuer, 1922)
  • C. pseudotener Goethgebuer, 1922
  • C. usmaensis (Pagast, 1931)
  • C. argentea (Townes, 1945)
  • C. cornea Sæther, 1977
  • C. gibbera Sæther, 1977
  • C. grisa (Malloch, 1915)
  • D. abruptus (Townes, 1945)
  • D. brachialis (Coquillett, 1907)
  • D. obreptus (Townes, 1945)
  • D. rufipes (Linnaeus, 1761)
  • D. cuneatus (Townes, 1945)
  • D. fastigatus (Townes, 1945)
  • D. latior Reiss, 1988
  • D. neglectus Reiss, 1988
  • D. vulneratus (Zetterstedt, 1838)
  • D. adnilus Epler, 1987
  • D. aethiops (Townes, 1945)
  • D. botaurus (Townes, 1945)
  • D. californicus (Johannsen, 1905)
  • D. ealae (Freeman, 1957)[6]
  • D. fumidus (Johannsen, 1905)
  • D. fusconotatus (Kieffer, 1922)
  • D. leucoscelis (Townes, 1945)
  • D. lobiger (Kieffer, 1921)
  • D. lobus Beck, 1962
  • D. lucifer (Johannsen, 1907)
  • D. milleri (Townes, 1945)
  • D. modestus (Say, 1823)
  • D. neomodestus (Malloch, 1915)
  • D. nervosus (Stæger, 1839)
  • D. notatus (Meigen, 1818)
  • D. pallidicornis (Goetghebuer, 1934)
  • D. peringueyanus Kieffer, 1924[6]
  • D. pilosimanus Kieffer, 1914[6]
  • D. pulsus (Walker, 1856)
  • D. septemmaculatus (Becker, 1908)
  • D. simpsoni Epler, 1987
  • D. sudanicus (Freeman, 1957)[6]
  • D. thanatogratus Epler, 1987
  • D. tritomus (Kieffer, 1916)
  • E. austini Beck & Beck, 1970
  • E. brunneipennis Johannsen, 1905
  • E. chelonia (Townes, 1945)
  • E. dissidens (Walker, 1856)
  • E. natchitocheae (Sublette, 1964)
  • E. pagana (Meigen, 1838)
  • E. natchitocheae (Sublette, 1964)
  • E. pagana (Meigen, 1838)
  • E. palaearctica Ashe, 1990
  • E. pectoralis Kieffer, 1924
  • Genus Endochironomus Kieffer, 1918
  • E. albipennis (Meigen, 1830)
  • E. nigricans (Johannsen, 1905)
  • E. oldenbergi Goetghebuer, 1932
  • E. stackelbergi Goetghebuer, 1935
  • E. subtendens (Townes, 1945)
  • E. tendens (Fabricius, 1775)
  • Genus Glyptotendipes Kieffer, 1913
  • G. aequalis (Kieffer, 1922)
  • G. amplus Townes, 1945
  • G. barbipes (Stæger, 1839)
  • G. caulicola (Kieffer, 1913)
  • G. cauliginellus (Kieffer, 1913)
  • G. dreisbachi Townes, 1945
  • G. foliicola Contreras-Lichtenberg, 1997
  • G. glaucus (Meigen, 1818)
  • G. gripekoveni (Kieffer, 1913)
  • G. imbecilis (Walker, 1856)
  • G. lobiferus (Say, 1823)
  • G. meridionalis Dendy and Sublette, 1959
  • G. ospeli Contreras-Lichtenberg & Kiknadze, 1999
  • G. pallens (Meigen, 1804)
  • G. paripes (Edwards, 1929)
  • G. salinus Michailova, 1987
  • G. scirpi (Kieffer, 1915)
  • G. seminole Townes, 1945
  • G. senilis (Johannsen, 1937)
  • G. signatus (Kieffer, 1909)
  • G. testaceus (Townes, 1945)
  • G. unacus Townes, 1945
  • G. viridis (Macquart, 1834)
  • Genus Graceus Goetghebuer, 1928
  • G. ambiguus Goetghebuer 1928
  • H. angularis Albu & Botnariuc, 1966
  • H. curtilamellata (Malloch, 1915)
  • H. fuscimana Kieffer, 1921
  • H. incidata Townes, 1945
  • Genus Kiefferulus Goetghebuer, 1922
  • K. dux (Johannsen, 1905)
  • K. tendipediformis (Goetghebuer, 1921)
  • Genus Kloosia Kruseman 1933
  • K. pusilla (Linnaeus, 1761)
  • Genus Lauterborniella Thienemann & Bause, 1913
  • Genus Lipiniella Shilova 1961
  • L. araenicola Shilova, 1961
  • L. moderata Kalugina, 1970
  • L. prima Shilova, Kerkis & Kiknadze, 1993
  • M. deribae (Freeman, 1957)
  • M. lendli (Kieffer, 1918)
  • M. nigrovittatus (Malloch, 1915)
  • M. tener (Kieffer, 1918)
  • M. anticus (Walker, 1848)
  • M. brevitarsis Brundin, 1947
  • M. britteni (Edwards, 1929)
  • M. caducus Townes, 1945
  • M. caelum Townes, 1945
  • M. chloris (Meigen, 1818)
  • M. confinis (Meigen, 1830)
  • M. diffinis (Edwards, 1929)
  • M. nigellus Hirvenoja, 1963
  • M. nitidus (Meigen, 1818)
  • M. pedellus (De Geer, 1776)
  • M. rydalensis (Edwards, 1929)
  • M. tarsalis (Walker, 1856)
  • N. babiyi (Rempel, 1937)
  • N. bicorne (Townes, 1945)
  • N. mirabile (Townes, 1945)
  • N. brayi (Goetghebuer, 1921)
  • N. hibaratertium Sasa, 1993
  • O. caledonicus (Edwards, 1932)
  • O. pica Townes, 1945
  • Genus Pagastiella Brundin, 1949
  • P. orophila (Edwards, 1929)
  • P. ostansa (Webb, 1969)
  • Genus Parachironomus Lenz, 1921
  • P. abortivus (Malloch, 1915)
  • P. aculeatus (Kieffer, 1921)
  • P. acutus (Goetghebuer, 1936)
  • P. alatus (Beck, 1962)
  • P. arcuatus (Goetghebuer, 1919)[5]
  • P. biannulatus (Stæger, 1839)
  • P. carinatus (Townes, 1945)
  • P. chaetaolus (Sublette, 1960)
  • P. cinctellus (Goetghebuer, 1921)
  • P. danicus Lehmann, 1970
  • P. digitalis (Edwards, 1929)
  • P. directus (Dendy & Sublette, 1959)
  • P. elodeae (Townes, 1945)
  • P. forceps (Townes, 1945)
  • P. frequens (Johannsen, 1905)
  • P. kuzini Shilova, 1969
  • P. longiforceps Kruseman, 1933[5]
  • P. mauricii (Kruseman, 1933)
  • P. monochromus (van der Wulp, 1874)
  • P. paradigitalis Brundin, 1949
  • P. parilis (Walker, 1856)
  • P. pectinatellae (Dendy & Sublette, 1959)
  • P. potamogeti (Townes, 1945)
  • P. schneideri Beck & Beck, 1969
  • P. siljanensis Brundin, 1949
  • P. subalpinus (Goetghebuer, 1932)
  • P. sublettei (Beck, 1961)
  • P. swammerdami (Kruseman, 1933)
  • P. tenuicaudatus (Malloch, 1915)
  • P. varus (Goetghebuer, 1921)
  • P. vitiosus (Goetghebuer, 1921)
  • Genus Paracladopelma Harnisch, 1923
  • P. alphaeus (Sublette, 1960)
  • P. camptolabis (Kieffer, 1913)
  • P. doris (Townes, 1945)
  • P. galaptera (Townes, 1945)
  • P. laminatum (Kieffer, 1921)
  • P. loganae Beck & Beck, 1969
  • P. mikianum (Goetghebuer, 1937)
  • P. nais (Townes, 1945)
  • P. nereis (Townes, 1945)
  • P. nigritulum (Goetghebuer, 1942)
  • P. nixe (Townes, 1945)
  • P. undine (Townes, 1945)
  • P. winnelli Jackson, 1977
  • Genus Paralauterborniella Lenz, 1941
  • P. nigrohalteralis (Malloch, 1915)
  • P. albimanus (Meigen, 1818)
  • P. basidens Townes, 1945
  • P. fuscitibia Sublette, 1960
  • P. nitidulus (Coquillett, 1901)
  • P. nubilus (Meigen, 1830)
  • P. nudisquama (Edwards, 1929)
  • P. plebeius (Meigen, 1818)
  • P. sinelobus Albu, 1980
  • P. subaequalis (Malloch, 1915)
  • P. thermophilus Townes, 1945
  • Genus Phaenopsectra Kieffer, 1921
  • P. albescens (Townes, 1945)
  • P. dyari (Townes, 1945)
  • P. flavipes (Meigen, 1818)
  • P. incompta (Zetterstedt, 1838)
  • P. obediens (Johannsen, 1905)
  • P. pilicellata Grodhaus, 1976
  • P. profusa (Townes, 1945)
  • P. punctipes (Wiedemann, 1817)
  • P. vittata (Townes, 1945)
  • Subgenus Cerobregma Zhang & Wang 1999
  • P. paucisetum Zhang & Wang, 2009
  • Subgenus Pentapedilum Kieffer, 1913
  • P. botiense Oyewo & Sæther, 2008[7]
  • P. scirpicola (Kieffer, 1921)
  • P. botosaneanui Oyewo & Sæther, 2008[7]
  • P. camposense Oyewo & Sæther, 2008[7]
  • P. exsectum (Kieffer, 1916)
  • P. intuber Oyewo & Sæther, 2008[7]
  • P. nubens (Edwards, 1929)
  • P. reei Oyewo & Sæther, 2008[7]
  • P. sordens (van der Wulp, 1874)
  • P. tissamaharense Oyewo & Sæther, 2008[7]
  • P. tritum (Walker, 1856)
  • P. wittei (Freeman, 1955)
  • Subgenus Polypedilum Kieffer, 1912
  • P. acutum Kieffer, 1915
  • P. albicorne (Meigen, 1838)
  • P. albosignatum Kieffer, 1925
  • P. amoenum Goetghebuer, 1930
  • P. arundineti (Goetghebuer, 1921)
  • P. barboyoni Serra-Tosio, 1981
  • P. dudichi Berczik, 1957
  • P. fallax (Johannsen, 1905)
  • P. intermedium Albu & Botnariuc, 1966
  • P. laetum (Meigen, 1818)
  • P. lene (Becker, 1908)
  • P. nubeculosum (Meigen, 1804)
  • P. nubifer (Skuse, 1889)
  • P. octopunctatum (Thunberg, 1784)
  • P. pedestre (Meigen, 1830)
  • P. vanderplanki Hinton, 1951
  • Subgenus Tripodura Townes, 1945
  • P. acifer Townes, 1945
  • P. aegyptium Kieffer, 1925
  • P. akani Bjørlo, 2001[8]
  • P. amplificatus Bjørlo, 2001[8]
  • P. amputatum Bjørlo, 2001[8]
  • P. apfelbecki (Strobl, 1900)
  • P. bicrenatum Kieffer, 1921
  • P. chelum Vårdal, 2001[8]
  • P. dagombae Bjørlo, 2001[8]
  • P. elongatum Albu, 1980
  • P. ewei Bjørlo, 2001[8]
  • P. malickianum Cranston, 1989
  • P. ogoouense Bjørlo, 2001[8]
  • P. patulum Bjørlo, 2001[8]
  • P. pulchrum Albu, 1980
  • P. pullum (Zetterstedt, 1838)
  • P. quadriguttatum Kieffer, 1921
  • P. scalaenum (Schrank, 1803)
  • P. spinalveum Vårdal, 2001[8]
  • P. tetracrenatum Hirvenoja, 1962
  • Subgenus Uresipedilum Oyewo & Sæther, 1998
  • P. convictum (Walker, 1856)
  • P. cultellatum Goetghebuer, 1931
  • P. marsafae Ghonaim, Ali & Osheibah, 2005
  • Genus Robackia Sæther, 1977
  • R. claviger (Townes, 1945)
  • R. demeijerei (Kruseman, 1933)
  • R. pilicauda Sæther, 1977
  • Genus Saetheria Jackson, 1977
  • S. hirta Saether, 1983
  • S. reissi Jackson, 1977
  • S. tylus (Townes, 1945)
  • S. albescens (Townes, 1945)
  • S. baueri Wülker, Kiknadze, Kerkis & Nevers, 1999
  • S. coracina (Zetterstedt, 1850)
  • S. prima Proviz & Proviz, 1997
  • Genus Stenochironomus Kieffer, 1919
  • S. aestivalis Townes, 1945
  • S. albipalpus Borkent, 1984
  • S. annettae Borkent, 1984
  • S. bisetosus Borkent, 1984
  • S. browni Townes, 1945
  • S. cinctus Townes, 1945
  • S. colei (Malloch, 1919)
  • S. fascipennis (Zetterstedt, 1838)
  • S. fuscipatellus Borkent, 1984
  • S. gibbus (Fabricius, 1794)
  • S. hibernicus (Edwards, 1929)
  • S. hilaris (Walker, 1848)
  • S. macateei (Malloch, 1915)
  • S. maculatus Borkent, 1984
  • S. niger Borkent, 1984
  • S. poecilopterus (Mitchell, 1908)
  • S. pulchripennis (Coquillett, 1902)
  • S. ranzii Rossaro, 1982
  • S. totifuscus Sublette, 1960
  • S. unictus Townes, 1945
  • S. woodi Borkent, 1984
  • Genus Stictochironomus Kieffer, 1919
  • S. albicrus (Townes, 1945)
  • S. annulicrus (Townes, 1945)
  • S. crassiforceps (Kieffer, 1922)
  • S. devinctus (Say, 1829)
  • S. flavicingulus (Walker, 1848)
  • S. lutosus (Townes, 1945)
  • S. maculipennis (Meigen, 1818)
  • S. marmoreus (Townes, 1945)
  • S. naevus (Mitchell, 1908)
  • S. palliatus (Coquillett, 1902)
  • S. pictulus (Meigen, 1830)
  • S. quagga (Townes, 1945)
  • S. rosenschoeldi (Zetterstedt, 1838)
  • S. sticticus (Fabricius, 1781)
  • S. unguiculatus (Malloch, 1934)
  • S. varius (Townes, 1945)
  • S. virgatus (Townes, 1945)
  • Genus Synendotendipes Grodhaus, 1987
  • S. luski Grodhaus, 1987
  • S. abranchius (Lenz, 1955)
  • S. dispar (Meigen, 1830)
  • S. impar (Walker, 1856)
  • S. lepidus (Meigen, 1830)
  • Genus Tribelos Townes, 1945
  • T. ater (Townes, 1945)
  • T. donatoris (Shilova, 1974)
  • T. fuscicorne (Malloch, 1915)
  • T. hesperius (Sublette, 1960)
  • T. intextum (Walker, 1856)
  • T. jucundus (Walker, 1848)
  • T. protextus (Townes, 1945)
  • T. quadripunctatus (Malloch, 1915)
  • Genus Xenochironomus Kieffer, 1921
  • Z. marmorata (van der Wulp 1859)

References

  1. ^ a b c Zorina, Oksana V. (2006). "New species and records of Beckidia Sæther (Diptera: Chironomidae) from the Russian Far East" (PDF). Zootaxa (New Zealand: Magnolia Press) 1151: 47–53. ISSN 1175-5334. http://www.tendipes.febras.ru/zorina4.pdf. Retrieved 2009-05-22. 
  2. ^ "The genus Beckidia in Namibia". Namibia: Namibian Biodiversity Database. http://www.biodiversity.org.na/scripts/taxondisplay.php?taxonlevel=Genus&taxonnr=7403. Retrieved 2009-05-22. 
  3. ^ "ITIS Standard Report Page: Beckidia tethys". Canada: Integrated Taxonomic Information System. http://www.itis.gov/servlet/SingleRpt/SingleRpt?search_topic=TSN&search_value=129247. Retrieved 2009-05-22. 
  4. ^ a b "Fauna Europaea : Taxon Details - genus Beckidia". Amsterdam, The Netherlands: Fauna Europaea. http://www.faunaeur.org/full_results.php?id=283057. Retrieved 2009-05-22. 
  5. ^ a b c Ozkan, Nurcan (2002). "Five New Chironomidae (Diptera) Species for the Turkish Fauna" (PDF). Turkish Journal Zoology (Ankara, Turkey: The Scientific and Technological Research Council of Turkey) 26: 183–188. ISSN 1303-6114. http://journals.tubitak.gov.tr/zoology/issues/zoo-02-26-2/zoo-26-2-6-0002-12.pdf. Retrieved 2009-05-22. 
  6. ^ a b c d "The genus Dicrotendipes in Namibia". Namibia: Namibian Biodiversity Database. http://www.biodiversity.org.na/scripts/taxondisplay.php?taxonlevel=Genus&taxonnr=1885. Retrieved 2009-05-22. 
  7. ^ a b c d e f Emmanuel Adeoye Oyewo & Ole A. Sæther (2008). Revision of Polypedilum (Pentapedilum) Kieffer and Ainuyusurika Sasa et Shirasaki (Diptera: Chironomidae). 1953. New Zealand: Magnolia Press. pp. 145 pp. ISBN 978-1-86977-300-7. 
  8. ^ a b c d e f g h i Vårdal, H., Bjørlo, A. & Sæther, O. A. (2002). "Afrotropical Polypedilum subgenus Tripodura, with a review of the subgenus (Diptera: Chironomidae)". Zoologica Scripta (Wiley InterScience) 31 (4): 331–402. doi:10.1046/j.1463-6409.2002.00096.x. 
  9. ^ a b "The genus Xenochironomus in Namibia". Namibia: Namibian Biodiversity Database. http://www.biodiversity.org.na/scripts/taxondisplay.php?taxonlevel=Genus&taxonnr=7415. Retrieved 2009-05-22. 
  10. ^ Eugenyi A. Makarchenko, Marina A. Makarchenko, Oksana V. Zorina, Irina V. Sergeeva (2000). "Checklist of Chironomidae (Diptera) of the Russian Far East". http://insects.ummz.lsa.umich.edu/~ethanbr/chiro/chklists/RussianEast.htm. Retrieved 2009-04-14. 

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