Chinatown (Washington, D.C.)

Map of Washington, D.C., with Chinatown highlighted in red

Chinatown in Washington, D.C., is a small, historic neighborhood east of downtown consisting of about 20 ethnic Chinese and other Asian restaurants and small businesses along H and I Streets between 5th and 8th Streets, Northwest. It is known for its annual Chinese New Year festival and parade and the Friendship Arch, a Chinese gate built over H Street at 7th Street. Other prominent landmarks include the Verizon Center, a sports and entertainment arena, and the Old Patent Office Building, which houses two of the Smithsonian Museums. The neighborhood is served by the Gallery Place station of the Washington Metro.^[1]

History

Chinatown's "Friendship Archway", as seen looking west on H Street, NW

The Chinatown area was once home to many German immigrants; it is also the location of the Washington branch of the Goethe-Institut. Chinese immigrants began to move into the area in the 1930s, having been displaced from Washington's original Chinatown along Pennsylvania Avenue by the development of the Federal Triangle government office complex. The newcomers marked it with decorative metal latticework and railings as well as Chinese signage. At its peak, Chinatown extended from G Street north to Massachusetts Avenue, and from 9th Street east to 5th Street.

Like other Washington neighborhoods, Chinatown declined sharply after the 1968 riots. Ethnic Chinese residents, as well as many others, left for suburban areas, spurred further by the city's rising crime and taxes, and deteriorating business climate. When the Washington Metro station serving the neighborhood opened in 1976, it was named simply "Gallery Place," ignoring Chinatown altogether.

In 1986, the city dedicated the Friendship Archway, a traditional Chinese gate designed by local architect Alfred H. Liu. The colorful, US$1 million work of public art includes seven roofs up to 60 feet high, 7000 tiles, and 272 painted dragons in the style of the Ming and Qing Dynasties. Erected to celebrate friendship with Washington's sister city of Beijing, it was hoped the arch would reinforce the neighborhood's Chinese character. According to the plaque next to the arch, it is the largest such single-span archway in the world.

Also in 1986, the Metro station was given its present name: Gallery Place-Chinatown. By then, however, most of the neighborhood's eponymous Chinese population had already moved to the suburbs. A peripheral section was torn down for the construction of the old Washington Convention Center at 900 9th St NW (which itself has been demolished); the city constructed the Wah Luck House apartments at 6th and H Streets, NW, to accommodate the displaced residents in 1982. Designed by architect Alfred Liu, the apartment building introduced modern Chinese design motifs due to the red-paneled balconies.^[2] The core of the neighborhood was demolished to make way for the MCI Center which was completed in 1997 (renamed Verizon Center in 2006).^{[citation needed]} After the construction of the Verizon Center, AsianWeek said in 2000 that the neighborhood "barely" remains.^[3] Since then, high real estate costs and other effects of gentrification have priced some family businesses out of the area, while others have thrived by raising prices.^{[citation needed]}

Businesses

The 700 block of H Street, N.W., in Chinatown. Built in the late 19th-century for residential purposes, the commercial buildings are designated as contributing properties to the Downtown Historic District, listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2001.

In 2006, Chinatown went under a $200 million renovation, transforming the area into a bustling scene for nightlife, shopping and entertainment, with high-end restaurants, a deluxe movie theater and a number of new stores. Gentrification has produced a strange phenomenon in DC's Chinatown. Local laws dictate that new businesses in the Chinatown area must have signs in English and Chinese, to preserve local character.^{[citation needed]} Ironically most of the new businesses are national chain restaurants and stores, so that Starbucks, Hooters, CVS Pharmacy and Legal Sea Foods, among others, hang their names in Chinese outside their stores, which are either generic names of the store, or literal translations. Chinatown has also become home to many high-growth technology companies, such as Blackboard, Blue State Digital, and The Knowland Group.^[4]

Chinatown's most prominent businesses are the approximately 20 Chinese and Asian restaurants, almost all of which are owned by Asian American families. Among the most famous are Szechuan Gallery, Mings, Burma, Eat First, Full Kee, and Tony Cheng's. One of the restaurants, Wok & Roll, occupies what was once Mary Surratt's boarding house — the meeting place for John Wilkes Booth and his conspirators in Abraham Lincoln's assassination. Another is located in a house once owned by the On Leong Chinese Merchants Association, which was among the first Chinese organizations to move into the neighborhood; today the structure is on the National Register of Historic Places.

The neighborhood is also home to a Chinese video store, a handful of general stores, and numerous Chinese-American cultural and religious charities. Recently, Chinatown has also become an independent intercity transportation hub. Several independent, immigrant-owned Chinatown bus lines run from DC to the Chinatowns in Philadelphia, New York, and even Boston. They include MVP Bus and New Century Travel. Prices are generally set at just under Greyhound Bus fares.

References

1. ^ About.com
2. ^ Harrison Lee Papers, Special Collections Research Center, Estelle and Melvin Gelman Library, The George Washington University
3. ^ AsianWeek Staff and Associated Press. "Philadelphia Chinatown Wins Stadium Fight. AsianWeek. November 24-30, 2000. Retrieved on November 8, 2011.
4. ^ "The start-up hub of D.C.?" Retrieved 2011-06-15.

External links

	District of Columbia portal
	Asian Americans portal
	China portal

• Lost in Transformation: Can a Tiny American Chinatown Survive Its Success? Steven Knipp, Pacific News Service. 2005.

Coordinates: 38°53′59″N 77°01′18″W / 38.8998°N 77.0217°W / 38.8998; -77.0217