Glenrock Lagoon

Glenrock Lagoon (coord|32|58|S|151|44|E|region:AU-NSW_type:city) is located 7 km south-west of Newcastle, New South Wales, Australia. The catchment area is bounded by the following catchment areas, Murdering Gully to the north east, Throsby Creek, Hunter Valley to the north and north west, Winding Creek, Lake Macquarie to the west, Dicks Creek and Bulls Creek, Jewels Swamp to the south west and Dudley Beach to the south east.

Glenrock Lagoon came into existence 6,000 years ago when the sea level stabilised after the last ice age. The Lagoon is a small body of water approx 900 metres long and approx 100 metres wide and covers an area of approx 80,000 m². This area does vary depending upon the water level. The water levels can vary as much as 2 metres.

While the early European pioneers gave it "Glenrock" because of the rocky nature of the Glen (a narrow valley). The area of Glenrock Lagoon was called "Pillapay-Kullaitaran" meaning "The Valley of the Palms" by the Awabakal tribe. Archaeological evidence has been found to date a campsite at Swansea Heads at 7,800 years, (Dept of Lands 1990).

History

The first coal discovered in Australia must be given to the escaped convicts William & Mary Bryant on their journey to Timor. They discovered coal near the entrance to Glenrock Lagoon on March 30, 1791. They named it Fortunate Creek because they found food there and friendly Aborigines. However, the news did not get back to Sydney and it was Lieut John Shortland R. N. who received credit for the discovery of coal in Newcastle on September 9, 1797. Even today, coal can still be found in the cliff face on the northern headland at the mouth of Glenrock Lagoon. [http://www.parliament.nsw.gov.au/prod/PARLMENT/hansArt.nsf/V3Key/LA19970529008 Extract from NSW Legislative Assembly Hansard. Article No.8 of May 29, 1997. Coalmining Industry Bicentenary] .

In a letter dated October 12, 1842, to W. Kirchner of Sydney, Friedrich Wilhelm Ludwig Leichhardt describes a walk through the valley on his way from Newcastle to Redhead via Charlestown. On this walk he described the view of the lagoon from a high vantage point. That vantage point is today known as "Leichhardt Lookout", which is on the Great North Walk."You'll have heard of the Valley of Palms. It happens that there are very few palms there, which makes it by so much the richer in other kinks of plants. It's a narrow, rocky gully with steep sides which widens out towards the sea. The slopes are covered with the most luxurious vegetation, trees and bushes are bound together by climbers, and the trunks of the trees are covered with parasitic plants. Floods, that have swept down with irresistible power during the heavy Winter rains, have uprooted big trees, and have produced the wildest conflagration of closely entangled life and death."

In 1883 the Burwood Coal Mining Company was formed, but it was December 1884 before a shaft was started which was completed on May 10, 1885. A private railway was built from the mine across the lagoon around the cliff face and along Burwood Beach (then known as Smelters Beach). At this time it was known as the Redhead Railway because the colliery on the lagoon was called Redhead Colliery on Glenrock Lagoon.

Flaggy Creek had been surveyed but not named as early as 1828, as shown on [http://nla.gov.au/nla.map-nk646 a map by Henry Dangar] who was a local Newcastle land owner. On that map, which is held in the National Library of Australia, shows the main road south through the area which will be called Charlestown, the Burwood Road ridge line called "Wahrah" and the unnamed Flaggy Creek.

Geography

The catchment area is approx 10 km² with a boundary of approx 11 km, length (east to west) of 4.1 km and width varying from 0.6 km at the coast to 3.5 km in the centre. The Glenrock State Recreation Area (SRA) together with Awabakal Nature reserve contains 7 km² but only approx 2 km² (approx 30% of the catchment area) of this is within the Glenrock Lagoon catchment area.

There are 3 sub-catchments areas, Little Flaggy Creek in the north, Flaggy Creek in the centre and a small unnamed creek in the southeast. Two of the main tributaries are, Flaggy Creek (approx 4 km in length) and Little Flaggy Creek (also shown on some maps as Glenrock Creek). On a Map of the Parish of Kahibah dated 1887, Little Flaggy Creek was named "First Flaggy Creek" and Flaggy Creek was known as "Second Flaggy Creek".

The catchment has mainly clay soils. Dry and Swamp Sclerophyll Forest and Rainforest vegetation exists in the bush areas.

Human effects

Besides the major road corridors, there is a major walking trail, The Great North Walk (Yuelarbah Track) and The Fernleigh Track Cycleway. The Great North Walk follows Flaggy Creek from Charlestown to the top of the lagoon. Then follows the northern shore of the lagoon to the beach before heading north to Newcastle along the Burwood beach past Murdering Gully and the ruins of the cooper smelter.

Also the old rail corridor to Belmont is being upgraded to a cycle way which is not due to be complete until 2015. It is planned to be completed in 3 stages:-Park Ave (Adamstown) to Kahibah Station Burwood Road (Kahibah) 2004Kahibah Station Burwood Road (Kahibah) to Oakdale Road (Redhead) 2009Oakdale Road (Redhead) to Belmont 2015.

Glenrock Lagoon has been for over a century a recreational area for the people of Newcastle and Lake Macquarie.

Within the catchment are the following suburbs - Adamstown Heights, Merewether Heights, Highfields, Kahibah, Charlestown, Whitebridge. However, Kahibah is the only suburb that is totally within the catchment area.

References

* "The Letters of F. W. Ludwig Leichhardt", edited by A. Aurousseau, Volume II, The Hakluyt Society 1968, pp:532