Kitigan Zibi, Quebec

Kitigan Zibi, Quebec

Infobox Settlement
name = Kitigan Zibi
settlement_type = First Nations Reserve
nickname =
motto =


imagesize =
image_caption =


flag_size = 120x100px
image_shield =
shield_size = 120x100px


mapsize =
subdivision_type = Country
subdivision_name = Canada
subdivision_type1 = Province
subdivision_name1 = Quebec
subdivision_type2 = Region
subdivision_name2 = Outaouais
established_title =
established_date =
established_title2 = Established
established_date2 = 1851
government_type = Band counsel
leader_title = Chief
leader_name = Gilbert William Whiteduck
area_total_km2 = 175.21
area_land_km2 = 172.07
area_water_km2 =
area_footnotes = [Total area: [http://www.mamr.gouv.qc.ca/cgi-bin/repert1.pl?region=&mrc=&geo=83802&muni= Ministère des Affaires Municipales et Régions]
Land area: Statistics Canada 2006 Census
]
population_as_of= 2006
population_footnotes = [Statistics Canada 2006 Census]
population_total = 1165
population_density_km2 = 6.8
timezone = EST
utc_offset = -5
timezone_DST = EDT
utc_offset_DST = -4
postal_code_type = Postal Code
postal_code =
area_code = 819
latd = 46 | latm = 20 | lats = | latNS = N
longd = 75 | longm = 58 | longs = | longEW = W
elevation_footnotes=
elevation_m =
website = [http://www.kza.qc.ca/ www.kza.qc.ca]
footnotes =

Kitigan Zibi (also known as River Desert, and designated as Maniwaki 18 until 1994) is a First Nations Reserve of the Kitigan Zibi Anishinabeg First Nation, an Algonquin band. It is situated at the confluence of the Désert and Gatineau Rivers, and borders south-west on the Town of Maniwaki in the Outaouais region of Quebec, Canada. Having an area of km2 to mi2|175|precision=0 [http://www.mamr.gouv.qc.ca/cgi-bin/repert1.pl?region=&mrc=&geo=83802&muni= Ministère des Affaires Municipales et Régions] ] , it is the largest Algonquin Nation in Canada, in both area and population.cite web |url=http://www.anishinabenation.ca/eng/comm_kitiganzibi_en.htm |title= Kitigan Zibi Anishinabeg Member Community Page |accessdate=2008-09-17 |publisher=Algonquin Anishinabeg Nation Tribal Council]

Present in the reserve are grocery and hardware supermarkets, gas station, elementary and secondary schools with a library accessible to the whole community, gift shops, a community radio station, a day-care, a community hall, a health centre, a police department, a youth centre, and an educational and cultural centre.

Toponymy

"Kitigàn" means "garden" or "cultivated land." Since Algonquins were historically not farmers, it may be that, in this case, this name originated as a reference to a clearing made by the Hudson's Bay Company for the establishment of its post, dependencies, and the adjoining garden.cite web |url=http://www.toponymie.gouv.qc.ca/ct/topos/carto.asp?Speci=291403&Latitude=46,33333&Longitude=-75,96667&Zoom=1700 |title=Kitigan Zibi (Réserve indienne) |accessdate=2008-09-16 |publisher=Commission de toponymie du Québec |language=French]

Geography

The reserve is bounded by the Eagle River along its west side, by the Desert River on the north side, and the Gatineau River on the east side. Most of its development is along or near Highway 105, while forest still covers much of the reserve.

Its is also home to 13 fresh water lakes with areas in excess of m2 to ft2|250000|precision=-3 and approximately 29 smaller lakes and streams located throughout the territory.

Fish species found within these waters are walleye, pike, bass, trout, carp, catfish, and fresh water sturgeon. Mammals found within the reserve include beaver, muskrat, fisher, martin, mink, otter, bobcat, lynx, deer, black bear, and moose.

History

The history of the reserve is closely linked to that of the Town of Maniwaki, which developed concurrently.

In the first half of the nineteenth century, Algonquins of the mission at Lake of Two Mountains, under the leadership of Chief Pakinawatik, came to the area of the Désert River. Shortly after in 1832, the Hudson's Bay Company followed them and installed a trading post at the mouth of this river (now within the municipal boundaries of Maniwaki). A decade later, Missionary Oblates of Mary Immaculate established the mission of Notre-Dame-du-Desert and, from 1849, they demanded of the authorities the demarcation of a township in order to establish a reserve for the Algonquins. Chief Pakinawatik, along with other leaders, journeyed by canoe on three separate occasions to Upper Canada (Toronto) and negotiated the terms for the setting aside of the reserve land. The township limits were drawn in 1850 and given the name of Maniwaki by the Oblates at this time. In Algonquin language, the place was identified as "Kitigànsìpì" or "Kitigàn Zìbì", meaning "Garden River."cite web |url=http://www.toponymie.gouv.qc.ca/ct/topos/carto.asp?Speci=38514&Latitude=46,38333&Longitude=-75,96667&Zoom=1700 |title=Maniwaki (Ville) |accessdate=2008-09-17 |publisher=Commission de toponymie du Québec |language=French]

Legally established in 1851, the reserve was demarcated in 1853. In the decree implementing it, the reserve was called "Manawaki" and also "River Desert". The name "Kitigan Zibi" came to replace the other two on September 24, 1994, when the band council gave this title to the reserve.

Because of land claim settlements in the late 1990s, small portions of land of the Town of Maniwaki were added to Kitigan Zibi.

Concerned about the disinterest of its youth in their own language, the community has decided to reintroduce the teaching of the Algonquin language in school.

List of chiefs

* Chief Antoine Pakinawatik - 1854-1874
* Chief Peter Tenasco - 1874-1884, 1890-1896
* Chief Simon Odjick - 1884-1890
* Chief Louizon Commanda - 1896-1899
* Chief John Tenasco - 1899-1911
* Chief Michael Commanda - 1911-1917
* Chief John Cayer - 1917-1920
* Chief John B. Chabot - 1920-1924, 1939-1951
* Chief Vincent Odjick - 1927-1933
* Chief Patrick Brascoupe - 1933-1936
* Chief Abraham McDougall - 1936-1939
* Chief William Commanda - 1951-1970
* Chief Ernest McGregor - 1970-1976
* Chief Jean Guy Whiteduck - 1976-2006
* Chief Stephen McGregor - 2006-2008

Demographics

Population: [Statistics Canada: 1996, 2001, 2006 census]
* Population in 2006: 1165
* Population in 2001: 1081
** 2001 to 2006 population change: 7.8 %
* Population in 1996: 969 (adjusted for boundary change)
* Population in 1991: 563

Total private dwellings (excluding seasonal cottages): 458

Languages:
* English as first language: 66 %
* French as first language: 13 %
* Other as first language: 21 %

Culture and tourism

The Kitigan Zibi Pow Wow is held annually, on the first weekend of June. The Kitigan Zibi Cultural Center has a number of exhibits, cultural artifacts, paintings, and photographs relating to the Algonquin culture and history. A living museum, Mawandoseg Kitigan Zibi, is dedicated to traditional Anishinaabeg way of life.

References

External links

* [http://www.anishinabenation.ca/eng/comm_kitiganzibi_en.htm Algonquin Anishinabeg Nation Tribal Council - Kitigan Zibi Anishinabeg community page]

Geographic Location (8-way)
Centre = Kitigan Zibi
North = Montcerf-Lytton
Northeast = Egan-Sud, Maniwaki
East = Déléage
Southeast = Sainte-Thérèse-de-la-Gatineau
South = Messines
Southwest = Cayamant
West = Lac-Pythonga
Northwest =


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