Ilama (fruit)

taxobox
name = Ilama
regnum = Plantae
unranked_divisio = Angiosperms
unranked_classis = Magnoliids
ordo = Magnoliales
familia = Annonaceae
genus = "Annona"
species = "A. diversifolia"
binomial = "Annona diversifolia"
binomial_authority = Saff.|

The ilama (also known as the tree of the ilama, Latin "Annona diversifolia") is a tropical fruit tree found in Central America. The name is derived from the Spanish from the Nahuatl "ilamatzapotl" whose rough translation is 'old woman's sapote'. The name is also applied to a similar fruit, soncoya or "cabeza de negro" ("A. pupurea") which is cultivated as an aternative to the cherimoya. The soncoya is similar in size to the ilama but grey brown in color with hard bumps on the surface, and orange flesh that tastes like mango or papaw.

The ilama fruit is either eaten on the half-shell or scooped out with a tool. The ilama is usually chilled when served. It is sometimes served with a little cream and sugar to intensify the flavor, or with a drop of lime or lemon juice to bring in a tart and bitter tinge.

Fruit

The ilama fruit is either cone-shaped, heart-shaped, or ovular. Resembling the cherimoya, it is about 6 inches (15 cm) long and may weigh as much as two pounds (900 g). Generally, the ilama is dotted with more or less pronounced, triangular spikes that jut out of the fruit, though some fruits on the same tree may vary from rough to fairly smooth.

There are two types of ilama, green and pink. The green type has a flesh that is white and sweet, while in the pink type, the flesh is a rose color and has a tart taste.

The rind, or skin of the ilama varies from a pale-green color to a deep-pink or purplish color. The ilama is coated with a thick mat of velvety, gray-white bloom. It is about 1/4 inch thick (6 mm), leathery, fairly soft, and granular.

The center of both ilamas are somewhat fibrous but smooth and custardy near the rind. The flesh varies from being dry to being fairly juicy, and contains 25 to 80 hard, smooth, brown, cylindrical seeds, about 3/4 inch (2 cm)long, and 3/8 inch (1 cm) wide. Each seed is enclosed in a close-fitting membrane that, when split, slides right off of the seed.

Tree

The tree that produces the ilama stands erect at about 25 feet (7.5m), and often the branches begin at ground level. The tree is distinguished by its aromatic, pale-brownish-grey, furrowed bark and glossy, thin, elliptic to obovate or oblanceolate leaves, 2 to 6 inches (5-15cm) long. Clasping the base of the flowering branchlets are one or two leaf-like, nearly circular, glabrous bracts, about 1 to 1-3/8 inches (2.5 - 3.5cm) in length. New growth from the tree is a reddish or coppery color. The flowers of the ilama tree are long and solitary. They are maroon flowers, which open to the base, and have small rusty hairy sepals, narrow, blunt, minutely hairy outer petals, and stamen-like, pollen-bearing inner petals.

Cultivation

The tree that bears the ilama is harvested in late June in Mexico and only lasts a couple of weeks. In Guatemala, the harvest season extends from late July to September, and from July to December where the Ilama is cultivated in Florida.

According to tradition, the fruits are not to be picked until cracking occurs, but they can be picked a little earlier and held up to three days in order for softening to take place. If the ilama is picked too early, it will never ripen. The yield of the ilama is typically low. During the normal fruiting period, some trees will have no fruits; others only 3 to 10, while exceptional trees may bear as many as 85 to 100 fruits per season.

History

Francisco Hernandez was one of the first people to document the ilama. He was sent by King Phillip II of Spain in 1570 to take note of the useful products of Mexico. For many years, people confused it with the soursop or the custard apple.

The ilama is native and grows wild in the foothills of the southwest coast of Mexico and of the Pacific coast of Guatemala and El Salvador. It is strictly a tropical plant. It does not grow naturally higher than 2,000 feet (610 m) in Mexico; although in El Salvador it is cultivated at 5,000 feet (1,524 m), and in Guatemala, it is cultivated up to 5,900 feet (1,800 m). The ilama survives best in climates where there is a long dry season followed by plentiful rainfall. The tree is irrigated in areas where rainfall does not fall periodically.

Nutrition facts

According to analyses made in El Salvador, the food value per 100 g of edible portion of the fruit is as follows:

* Moisture, 71.5 g
* Protein, 0.447 g
* Fat, 0.16 g
* Fiber, 1.3 g
* Ash, 1.37 g
* Calcium, 31.6 mg
* Phosphorus, 51.7 mg
* Iron, 0.70 mg
* Carotene, 0.011 mg
* Thiamine, 0.235 mg
* Riboflavin, 0.297 mg
* Niacin, 2.177 mg
* Ascorbic Acid, 13.6 mg

References

*Davidson, Alan. Oxford Companion to Food (1999). "Ilama", pp. 395-396.

External links

* [http://www.hort.purdue.edu/newcrop/morton/ilama.html The Ilama] - Purdue University
* [http://www.tradewindsfruit.com/ilama.htm Trade Winds Fruit Ilama Page]
* [http://www.crfg.org/photocon/1998-3d.html 1998 CRFG Photo Contest Third Place: Genova Red Ilama]