London Calling

London Calling
This article is about the album. For other uses, see London Calling (disambiguation).
London Calling
Studio album by The Clash
Released 14 December 1979
Recorded August–September, November 1979 at Wessex Sound Studios, London
Genre Punk rock, reggae
Length 65:07
Label CBS, Epic, Legacy
Producer Guy Stevens and Mick Jones
The Clash chronology
Give 'Em Enough Rope
(1978)		 London Calling
(1979)		 Sandinista!
(1980)
The Clash compilations and lives chronology
The Essential Clash
(2003)		 London Calling: 25th Anniversary Legacy Edition
(2004)		 Singles Box
(2006)
Singles from London Calling
  1. "London Calling"
    Released: 7 December 1979
  2. "Clampdown"
    Released: 14 December 1979
  3. "Train in Vain"
    Released: 12 February 1980

London Calling is the third studio album by the English punk rock band The Clash. It was released in the United Kingdom on 14 December 1979 through CBS Records, and in the United States in January 1980 through Epic Records. The album represented a significant change in The Clash's musical style, which now featured major elements of ska, funk, pop, soul, jazz, rockabilly and reggae far more prominently than in their previous two albums.[1]

The album's subject matter included social displacement, unemployment, racial conflict, drug use, and the responsibilities of adulthood.[2] The album received unanimously positive reviews and was ranked at number eight on Rolling Stone's list of The 500 Greatest Albums of All Time in 2003.[3] London Calling was a top ten album in the UK, and its lead single "London Calling" was a top 20 single.[4] It has sold over five million copies worldwide,[3] and was certified platinum in the United States.[5]

Contents

Recording and production

After recording their second studio album Give 'Em Enough Rope (1978), the band separated from their manager Bernard Rhodes.[6] This separation meant that the group had to leave their rehearsal studio in Camden Town and find another location to compose their music. Drawing inspiration from rockabilly, ska, reggae and jazz,[2] the band began work on the album during the summer of 1979. Tour manager Johnny Green had found the group a new place to rehearse called Vanilla Studios, which was located in the back of a garage in Pimlico.[7][8] The Clash quickly wrote and recorded demos, with Jones composing and arranging much of the music and Strummer writing the lyrics.[2]

In August 1979, the band entered Wessex Studios to begin recording London Calling. The Clash asked Guy Stevens to produce the album, much to the dismay of CBS Records.[9] Stevens had alcohol and drug problems and his production methods were unconventional.[2] While recording he would often swing ladders and throw chairs around the group to create an emotional atmosphere.[2] The Clash got along well with Stevens, especially bassist Paul Simonon, who found his work to be very helpful and productive to his playing and their recording as a band. While recording, the band would play football to pass the time. This was a way for them to bond together as well as take their mind off of the music, and the games got very serious. Doing this helped bring the band together, unifying them, making the recording process easier and more productive.[10] The entire album was recorded within a matter of weeks, with many songs recorded in one or two takes.[2]

Music

"London Calling", the album's title track, was partially influenced by the March 1979 accident at a nuclear reactor at Three Mile Island in Pennsylvania. Strummer's lyrics also discuss the problems of rising unemployment, racial conflict and drug use in Britain.[11] The second track, "Brand New Cadillac", was written and originally recorded by Vince Taylor and was the first track recorded for London Calling. The band cite the song as "one of the first British rock'n'roll records" and had initially used it as a warm up song before recording.[12][13] "Rudie Can't Fail", the album's fifth song, features a horn section and mixes elements of pop, soul, ska and reggae music together. Its lyrics chronicle the life of a fun-loving young man who is criticised for his inability to act like a responsible adult.[1]

"Spanish Bombs" is a song about the Spanish Civil War.[14] It received positive reviews from critics, with one reviewer stating that its "combination of thoughtful lyrics and an energetic performance" made it a "highlight of London Calling".[15] The album's eighth track, "Lost in the Supermarket", was written by Strummer who imagined Jones' childhood growing up in a basement with his mother and grandmother.[16] "Clampdown" began as an instrumental track called "Working and Waiting".[14] Its lyrics comment on people who forsake the idealism of youth and urge young people to fight the status quo.[17] The tenth track, "The Guns of Brixton", was the first Paul Simonon composition the band recorded, and the first to feature him on lead vocals. Simonon was originally doubtful about the song's lyrics, which discuss an individual's paranoid outlook on life, but was encouraged to continue working on it by Strummer.[14]

The album's twelfth track, "Death or Glory", features Strummer looking back at his life, acknowledging the complications and responsibilities of adulthood.[18] While working on "The Card Cheat", the band recorded everything twice to create a "sound as big as possible".[19] "Revolution Rock", a reggae song, received mixed reviews from critics, and Strummer and Jones were criticised by NME for their inability to compose credible love songs.[20] The final track, "Train in Vain", was originally not included in the track list printed on the album's back cover.[21] The song was initially going to be given away for free through a promotion with NME, but when the deal fell through it was added to the album at the last minute.[22]

The typography of Elvis Presley's debut album influenced the design of London Calling.

Artwork

The album's front cover features a photograph of Simonon smashing his Fender Precision Bass (on display at the Cleveland Rock and Roll Hall of Fame as of May 2009)[23] against the stage at The Palladium in New York City on 21 September 1979 during the Clash Take the Fifth US tour.[24][25] Pennie Smith, who photographed the band for the album, originally did not want the photograph to be used. She thought that it was too out of focus, but Strummer and graphic designer Ray Lowry thought it would make a good album cover.[25][26] In 2002, Smith's photograph was named the best rock and roll photograph of all time by Q magazine, commenting that "it captures the ultimate rock'n'roll moment - total loss of control".[27]

The cover artwork was designed by Lowry and was a homage to the design of Elvis Presley's self-titled debut album.[28][29] The cover was named the ninth best album cover of all time by Q magazine in 2001.[30]

The album cover for London Calling was among the ten chosen by the Royal Mail for a set of "Classic Album Cover" postage stamps issued in January 2010.[31][32]

Release

The album was released in the United Kingdom on vinyl in 1979, and in the United States on vinyl and 8-track tape in 1980. A gatefold cover design of the LP was only released in Japan. Though London Calling was released as a double album it was only sold for about the price of a single album. The Clash's record label, CBS, at first denied the band's request for the album to be released as a double. In return CBS gave permission for the band to include a free 12-inch single that played at 33⅓ rpm. Ultimately, the planned 12-inch record became a second nine-track LP.[8]

Upon its release, London Calling sold approximately two million copies.[3] The album peaked at number nine in the United Kingdom[4] and was certified gold in December 1979.[33] The album performed strongly outside the United Kingdom. It reached number two in Sweden[34] and number four in Norway.[35] In the United States, London Calling peaked at number 27 on the Billboard Pop Albums chart[36] and was certified platinum in February 1996.[5] The album produced two of the band's most successful singles. "London Calling" preceded the album with a 7 December 1979 release. It peaked at number 11 on the UK Singles Chart.[4] The song's music video, directed by Letts, featured the band performing the song on a boat in the pouring rain with the River Thames behind them.[37] In the United States, "Train in Vain", backed with "London Calling", was released as a single in February 1980. It peaked at number 23 on the Billboard Hot 100 singles chart and "London Calling"/"Train in Vain" peaked at number 30 on the Billboard Disco Top 100 chart.[38]

A UK only cassette was released in 1986. A CD was released in the US in 1987, with a remastered version in the UK in 1999 followed by the US in 2000, along with the rest of the band's catalogue. In 2004, a 25th anniversary Legacy Edition was published with a bonus CD and DVD in digipack. The bonus CD features The Vanilla Tapes, missing recordings made by the band in mid-1979.[39] The DVD includes The Last Testament - The Making of London Calling, a film by Don Letts, as well as previously unseen video footage and music videos. A limited edition picture disc LP was released in 2010.

Reception

The album received very positive reviews from critics. It was named best album of the year in the 1980 Rolling Stone critics' poll[citation needed] and also topped the 1980 Village Voice Pazz & Jop critics' poll.[40] Robert Christgau described London Calling as "warm, angry, and thoughtful, confident, melodic, and hard-rocking" and called it "the best double-LP since Exile on Main Street".[41] Tom Carson wrote in Rolling Stone that "the record ranges across the whole of rock & roll's past for its sound, and digs deeply into rock legend, history, politics and myth for its images and themes. Everything has been brought together into a single, vast, stirring story — one that, as the Clash tell it, seems not only theirs but ours. For all its first-take scrappiness and guerrilla production, this two-LP set — which, at the group's insistence, sells for not much more than the price of one — is music that means to endure. It's so rich and far-reaching that it leaves you not just exhilarated but exalted and triumphantly alive."[42]

Legacy

Professional ratings
Review scores
Source Rating
Allmusic 5/5 stars[43]
Blender 5/5 stars[44]
Mojo 5/5 stars[citation needed]
Paste (not rated)[45]
Pitchfork (10/10)[46]
PopMatters (Very favorable)[47]
Robert Christgau (A+)[41]
Rolling Stone (Very favorable)[42]
Rolling Stone 5/5 stars[48]
Rolling Stone Album Guide 5/5 stars[49]

London Calling is widely regarded as one of the greatest albums of all time. In 1987, it was ranked number 14 on Rolling Stone magazine's "100 Best Albums of the Last Twenty Years". Rolling Stone also ranked London Calling at number one on its 1989 list of the 100 best albums of the 80's despite its 1979 release.[50] In 1993, NME ranked the album at number six on its list of The Greatest Albums of the '70s.[51] Vibe magazine included the double album on its list of the 100 Essential Albums of the 20th Century.[52] Q magazine ranked London Calling at number four on its 1999 list of the 100 Greatest British Albums,[53] and, in 2002, included the album in its list of the 100 Best Punk Albums.[54]

Stephen Erlewine of Allmusic wrote that London Calling was "invigorating, rocking harder and with more purpose than most albums, let alone double albums" and called it "one of the greatest rock & roll albums ever recorded".[43] Alternative Press included London Calling on its 2001 list of the 10 Essential '80s Albums.[55] Tom Carson of Rolling Stone said it "celebrates the romance of rock & roll rebellion in grand, epic terms",[42] and ranked London Calling number eight on its 2003 list of the 500 greatest albums of all time.[3] In the same year, Mojo magazine ranked the album at number twenty-two on its Top 50 Punk Albums.[56] London Calling was named album of the year by Stereo Review for 1980.

In 2004, Pitchfork reviewer Amanda Petrusich named "London Calling" the album's best song and wrote that "The Clash do not let go; each track builds on the last, pummeling and laughing and slapping us into dumb submission".[46] The website ranked the album at number two on its list of the Top 100 Albums of the 70s.[57] Sal Ciolfi of PopMatters called the album a "big, loud, beautiful collection of hurt, anger, restless thought, and above all hope" and wrote that "if released tomorrow would still seem relevant and vibrant",[47] and the College Music Journal ranked it at number three on its Top 20 Most-Played Albums of 1980.[58] In 2007, London Calling was inducted into the Grammy Hall of Fame, a collection of recordings of lasting qualitative or historical significance.[59] The album was included in the BBC Radio 1 2009 Masterpieces Series, marking it as one of the most influential albums of all time, some thirty years after its original release.[60]

Film

In December 2010, the BBC reported that a film about the recording of London Calling was in the early stages of production. Mick Jones and Paul Simonon are working as executive producers for the film. The script was written by Jez Butterworth and shooting would begin in 2011. Alison Owen and Paul Trijbits had been chosen as the producers.[61][62]

Track listing

Standard edition

All songs written and composed by Joe Strummer and Mick Jones, except where noted. 

Side one
No. Title Lead vocals Length
1. "London Calling"   Strummer 3:19
2. "Brand New Cadillac" (written and originally performed by Vince Taylor) Strummer 2:09
3. "Jimmy Jazz"   Strummer 3:52
4. "Hateful"   Strummer 2:45
5. "Rudie Can't Fail"   Strummer, Jones 3:26
Side two
No. Title Lead vocals Length
1. "Spanish Bombs"   Strummer, Jones 3:19
2. "The Right Profile"   Strummer 3:56
3. "Lost in the Supermarket"   Jones 3:47
4. "Clampdown"   Strummer, Jones 3:49
5. "The Guns of Brixton" (written by Paul Simonon) Simonon 3:07
Side three
No. Title Lead vocals Length
1. "Wrong 'Em Boyo" (written by Clive Alphonso; originally performed by the Rulers; including Stagger Lee) Strummer 3:10
2. "Death or Glory"   Strummer 3:55
3. "Koka Kola"   Strummer 1:46
4. "The Card Cheat"   Jones 3:51
Side four
No. Title Lead vocals Length
1. "Lover's Rock"   Strummer 4:01
2. "Four Horsemen"   Strummer 2:56
3. "I'm Not Down"   Jones 3:00
4. "Revolution Rock" (written by Jackie Edwards, Danny Ray; originally performed by Danny Ray and the Revolutionaries) Strummer 5:37
5. "Train in Vain"   Jones 3:09

On the original version of the album, "Train in Vain" was not listed on the sleeve, nor the label on the record itself, but an extraneous sticker indicating the track was affixed to the outer cellophane wrapper. It was also scratched into the vinyl in the run-off area on the fourth side of the album.

25th Anniversary Legacy Edition

The 25th Anniversary Edition of the album was released in 2004 and contains The Vanilla Tapes (an early version of the album based on a lost master tape, and previously only available as a bootleg) as a bonus disc, and a DVD featuring the making of the album, the music videos and video footage of The Clash recording in Wessex Studios.

Bonus disc track listing
No. Title Writer(s) Length
1. "Hateful"   Strummer, Jones 3:23
2. "Rudie Can't Fail"   Strummer, Jones 3:08
3. "Paul's Tune"   Simonon 2:32
4. "I'm Not Down"   Strummer, Jones 3:24
5. "4 Horsemen"   Strummer, Jones 2:45
6. "Koka Kola, Advertising & Cocaine"   Strummer, Jones 1:57
7. "Death or Glory"   Strummer, Jones 3:47
8. "Lover's Rock"   Strummer, Jones 3:45
9. "Lonesome Me"   The Clash 2:09
10. "The Police Walked in 4 Jazz"   Strummer, Jones 2:19
11. "Lost in the Supermarket"   Strummer, Jones 3:52
12. "Up-Toon" (instrumental) Strummer, Jones 1:57
13. "Walking the Sidewalk"   The Clash 2:34
14. "Where You Gonna Go (Soweto)"   The Clash 4:05
15. "The Man in Me"   Bob Dylan 3:57
16. "Remote Control"   Strummer, Jones 2:39
17. "Working and Waiting"   Strummer, Jones 4:11
18. "Heart & Mind"   The Clash 4:27
19. "Brand New Cadillac"   Taylor 2:08
20. "London Calling"   Strummer, Jones 4:26
21. "Revolution Rock"   Edwards, Ray 3:51
DVD track listing
No. Title Length
1. "The Last Testament: The Making of London Calling"    
2. "London Calling" (Music video)  
3. "Train in Vain" (Music video)  
4. "Clampdown" (Music video)  
5. "Home video footage of The Clash recording in Wessex Studios"    

Personnel

The Clash

Additional musicians

Production

Chart positions

Chart (1979) Peak
position
Swedish Albums Chart[34] 2
UK Albums Chart[4] 9
Chart (1980) Peak
position
Austrian Albums Chart[63] 17
Norwegian Albums Chart[35] 4
US Billboard Pop Albums[36] 27
Chart (2004) Peak
position
Norwegian Albums Chart[35] 17
Swedish Albums Chart[34] 45
Swiss Albums Chart[64] 72
UK Albums Chart[4] 26

References

  1. ^ a b Guarisco, Donald A. "Rudie Can't Fail Review". Allmusic. Retrieved 18 February 2008.
  2. ^ a b c d e f Sinclair, Tom. "The Best Album of All Time". Entertainment Weekly. 24 September 2004. Retrieved 20 February 2008.
  3. ^ a b c d Levy, Joe; Steven Van Zandt (2006) [2005]. "8| London Calling - The Clash". Rolling Stone's 500 Greatest Albums of All Time (3rd ed.). London: Turnaround. ISBN 1932958614. OCLC 70672814. http://www.rollingstone.com/music/lists/500-greatest-albums-of-all-time-19691231/london-calling-the-clash-19691231. Retrieved 18 June 2005. .
  4. ^ a b c d e "UK Chart Archive". everyHit.co.uk. Retrieved 17 February 2008.
  5. ^ a b "RIAA Searchable Database". Recording Industry Association of America. Retrieved 17 February 2008.
  6. ^ Gilbert 2005, pp. 212-213.
  7. ^ Green 2003, p. 156.
  8. ^ a b Sweeting, Adam. "Death or Glory". Uncut. October 2004. p. 58.
  9. ^ Gilbert 2005, p. 235.
  10. ^ Making of 'London Calling': The Last Testament. Dir. Don Letts. Perf. Joe Strummer, Mick Jones, Paul Simonon, Topper Headon, and Kosmo Vinyl. Sony Music, 2004. DVD.
  11. ^ "The RS 500 Greatest Songs of All Time: The Clash London Calling"[dead link]. Rolling Stone. 9 December 2004. Retrieved 18 February 2008.
  12. ^ Sweeting, Adam. "Death or Glory". Uncut. October 2004. p. 65.
  13. ^ Gilbert 2005, p. 237.
  14. ^ a b c Sweeting, Adam. "Death or Glory". Uncut. October 2004. p. 67.
  15. ^ Guarisco, Donald A. "Spanish Bombs Review". Allmusic. Retrieved 18 February 2008.
  16. ^ London Calling: 25th Anniversary Legacy Edition. "The Last Testament - The Making of London Calling". Information about the recording of London Calling. Retrieved 18 February 2008.
  17. ^ Guarisco, Donald A. "Clampdown Review". Allmusic. Retrieved 18 February 2008.
  18. ^ Gilbert 2005, p. 259.
  19. ^ Sweeting, Adam. "Death or Glory". Uncut. October 2004. p. 68.
  20. ^ Gilbert 2005, p. 260.
  21. ^ Green 2003, p. 218.
  22. ^ Back, Johnny. "The Greatest Songs Ever! "Train in Vain (Stand by Me)""[dead link]. Blender. April/May 2002. Retrieved 18 February 2008.
  23. ^ "Exhibit and Information Guide."[dead link] p. 5. Retrieved 17 May 2009.
  24. ^ Green 2003, pp. 195–196.
  25. ^ a b Sweeting, Adam. "Death or Glory". Uncut. October 2004. p. 70.
  26. ^ Godwin, Richard (15 June 2010). "London Calling again". Evening Standard. http://www.thisislondon.co.uk/music/article-23845073-london-calling-again.do. Retrieved 16 June 2010. "Lowry: “Actually, I had no idea it was out of focus. Half-blind at the best of times and half-pissed at the time, that simply had to be the one.”" 
  27. ^ Judd, Terri. "One hundred timeless rock'n'roll moments, and the photographers who..."[dead link]. The Independent. 24 January 2002. Retrieved 17 February 2008.
  28. ^ Green 2003, p. 194.
  29. ^ Tryangiel, Josh. "The All-TIME 100 Albums: London Calling". Time. 13 November 2006. Retrieved 17 February 2008.
  30. ^ O'Connor, Mickey. "London's Q magazine picked these; what are yours?". Entertainment Weekly. 14 March 2001. Retrieved 17 February 2008.
  31. ^ "Classic Album Covers: Issue Date – 7 January 2010". Royal Mail. http://www.royalmail.com/portal/stamps/content1?catId=32300674&mediaId=112400790. Retrieved 2010-01-08. 
  32. ^ Michaels, Sean (8 January 2010). "Coldplay album gets stamp of approval from Royal Mail". London: The Guardian. http://www.guardian.co.uk/music/2010/jan/08/coldplay-album-stamp-approval. Retrieved 2010-01-08. 
  33. ^ "British gold certification for London Calling[dead link]. British Phonographic Industry. 31 December 1979. Retrieved 17 February 2008.
  34. ^ a b c "Discography The Clash". SwedishCharts.com. Retrieved 17 February 2008.
  35. ^ a b c "Discography The Clash". NorwegianCharts.com. Retrieved 26 October 2008.
  36. ^ a b "The Clash > Charts & Awards > Billboard Albums". Allmusic. Retrieved 26 October 2008.
  37. ^ Sweeting, Adam. "Death or Glory". Uncut. October 2004. p. 69.
  38. ^ "The Clash > Charts & Awards > Billboard Singles". Allmusic. Retrieved 17 February 2008.
  39. ^ Gilbert, Pat. "The 'Vanilla Tapes'". London Calling: 25th Anniversary Legacy Edition (CD liner notes). September 2004.
  40. ^ "The 1980 Pazz & Jop Critics Poll". The Village Voice. February 9, 1981. http://www.robertchristgau.com/xg/pnj/pjres80.php. Retrieved 21 March 2005. 
  41. ^ a b Christgau, Robert. "The Clash > Consumer Guide Reviews". Robert Christgau. http://www.robertchristgau.com/get_artist.php?name=The+Clash. Retrieved 26 October 2008. 
  42. ^ a b c Carson, Tom (April 3, 1980). "The Clash London Calling > Album Review". Rolling Stone (314). http://www.rollingstone.com/music/albumreviews/london-calling-19800403. Retrieved 22 February 2008. 
  43. ^ a b Erlewine, Stephen Thomas. London Calling at Allmusic. Retrieved 18 August 2004.
  44. ^ Blender Review[dead link]
  45. ^ "The Clash - London Calling 25th Anniversary Legacy Edition > Review". Paste Magazine. December 1, 2004. http://www.pastemagazine.com/articles/2004/12/the-clash-london-calling.html. Retrieved 31 October 2008. 
  46. ^ a b Petrusich, Amanda (September 21, 2004). "The Clash London Calling: 25th Anniversary Legacy Edition > Review". Pitchfork Media. http://www.pitchforkmedia.com/reviews/albums/1490-london-calling-25th-anniversary-legacy-edition/. Retrieved 3 April 2006. 
  47. ^ a b Ciofli, Sal (10 March 2004). "The Clash: London Calling > Album Review". PopMatters. http://www.popmatters.com/pm/review/14505/clash-londonmft. Retrieved 22 February 2008. 
  48. ^ Blashill, Pat (October 14, 2004). "The Clash London Calling > Album Deluxe Reissue Review". Rolling Stone (959). Archived from the original on 20 June 2008. http://web.archive.org/web/20080620045154/http://www.rollingstone.com/reviews/album/96655/london_calling. Retrieved 4 September 2006. 
  49. ^ Brackett, Nathan with Hoard, Christian, eds (2004). "The Clash". The New Rolling Stone Album Guide. London: Fireside. pp. 167-168. ISBN 0-7432-0169-8. http://books.google.com/books?id=t9eocwUfoSoC&lpg=PA168&vq=london%20calling&pg=PA167#v=onepage&q&f=false. Retrieved 21 September 2011.  Portions posted at "The Clash > Album Guide". rollingstone.com. http://www.rollingstone.com/music/artists/the-clash/albumguide. Retrieved 21 September 2011. 
  50. ^ Azerrad, Michael; DeCurtis, Anthony (November 16, 1989). "The 100 Best Albums of the Eighties: The Clash, 'London Calling'". Rolling Stone (565): p. 53. http://www.rollingstone.com/music/lists/100-best-albums-of-the-eighties-20110418/the-clash-london-calling-19691231. Retrieved 2008-06-30. 
  51. ^ "The Greatest Albums Of The '70s". NME: 18. 11 September 1993. 
  52. ^ "100 Essential Albums of the 20th Century". Vibe: 160. December 1999. 
  53. ^ "100 Greatest British Albums". Q magazine: 90. December 1999. 
  54. ^ "100 Best Punk Albums". Q magazine Special Edition: 136. February 2002. 
  55. ^ "10 Essential '80s Albums". Alternative Press: 112. August 2001. 
  56. ^ "Top 50 Punk Albums". Mojo: 76. March 2003. 
  57. ^ "Top 100 Albums of the 1970s". Pitchfork Media. June 23, 2004. http://pitchfork.com/features/staff-lists/5932-top-100-albums-of-the-1970s/10/. Retrieved 17 February 2008. 
  58. ^ "Top 20 Most-Played Albums of 1980". College Music Journal: 6. 5 January 2004. 
  59. ^ "Grammy Hall of Fame Award". Grammy.com. Retrieved 18 February 2008.
  60. ^ Lowe, Zane (2 December 2009). "Masterpieces". BBC 1. http://www.bbc.co.uk/radio1/zanelowe/masterpieces/2009/. Retrieved 3 December 2009. 
  61. ^ "Clash album London Calling to spawn rock biopic". ENTERTIANMENT & ARTS. BBC News. 1 December 2010. http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/entertainment-arts-11886575. Retrieved 14 February 2011. 
  62. ^ "Mick Jones and Paul Simonon working on Clash 'London Calling' film". NME. 1 December 2010. http://www.nme.com/news/the-clash/54075. Retrieved 14 February 2011. 
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  64. ^ "Discography The Clash". SwissCharts.com. Retrieved 17 February 2008.

Sources

  • Gilbert, Pat (2005) [2004]. Passion Is a Fashion: The Real Story of The Clash (4th ed.). London: Aurum Press. pp. 212–213, 235–237, 259–260. ISBN 1845131134. OCLC 61177239. 
  • Green, Johnny; Garry Barker (2003) [1997]. A Riot of Our Own: Night and Day with The Clash (3rd ed.). London: Orion. pp. 156–158, 161–162, 165, 194–196, 218–219. ISBN 0752858432. OCLC 52990890. 

Further reading

External links

v · d · eThe Clash
Studio albums
Live albums
From Here to Eternity: Live · Live at Bond's Casino · Live at Shea Stadium
Compilations
Extended plays
Singles
Video albums
and films
Rude Boy · Hell W10 · This Is Video Clash · The Clash: Westway to the World · The Essential Clash · The Clash: Up Close and Personal · Joe Strummer: The Future Is Unwritten · The Clash Live: Revolution Rock
Related
Lists
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acts
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