The Bell Inn

Infobox Historic building
name = The Bell Inn

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caption =
map_type = Nottinghamshire
latitude = 52.95356
longitude = -1.15237
location = 18 Angel Row, Old Market Square
location_town = Nottingham
location_country = England
architect =
client =
engineer =
construction_start_date =
completion_date = c.1437
date_demolished =
cost =
structural_system =
style = Tudor/Georgian
size =

The Bell Inn is a Grade II listed public house dating from around 1437 that lays claim (along with Ye Olde Trip to Jerusalem Inn and Ye Olde Salutation Inn) to being the oldest in Nottingham. [cite web |url=http://www.thebell-inn.com/great_inn.php |title=The Bell Inn - Who's Eldest|accessdate=2008-08-05]

History

Foundation and early history

In 1276 a group of Carmelite friars established a Friary on what is now Friar Lane with lands that included a guesthouse on the site of what is now The Bell Inn.

The Inn was originally constructed around 1420 (according to dendrochronological dating of timbers) as a refectory for the monks of the monastery on Beastmarket Hill, but became a secular alehouse in 1539 (following the Dissolution of the Monasteries by Henry VIII) taking its name from the Angelus bell that hung outside.

The earliest known written reference to the Inn is the 1638 Will of Alderman Robert Sherwin which bequeaths the leasehold of the establishment to the poor of the local parishes. [cite web |url=http://www.nottshistory.org.uk/articles/tts/tts1932/itinerary1932p3.htm|title=An Itinerary of Nottingham|author=J. Holland Walker|date=1932|accessdate=2008-08-29]

John White bequeathed the freehold of the Inn to his wife Mary in 1732 and two years later she sold it to wealthy local banker Abel Smith. The freehold subsequently passed down the Smith family line to the politician and banker Abel Smith, in 1756, and then to Robert Smith, 1st Baron Carrington, in 1782.

The 19th century

Jane Lart purchased the freehold from Lord Carrington in 1803 and the leasehold from the Church in 1806 combining the two legally. Under the terms of the lease she also undertook extensive repairs of the building and constructed a Georgian frontage that allowed for the preservation of the rare crown post structure to this day.

The cricketer William Clarke gave up his bricklaying job to become landlord of the Inn in 1812 before going on to marry the landlady of the Trent Bridge Inn where he established the famous Trent Bridge cricket ground.

Rioters protesting against the Reform Act gathered at the Inn on Goose Fair night 1831 and smashed the windows before going on to burn down many of the city's prominent buildings, including Nottingham Castle and Colwick Hall.

Tory politician John Walters established his campaign headquarters at the Inn for the 1841 British general election and had to take refuge here when he was set upon by an angry mob in the Square.

The Charity Commission sold the Inn in 1888 to A.W. Hickling for £7,210 and it subsequently became a tied house to a brewery for the first time in its history.

Joseph Jackson bought the Inn on October 21, 1898 for £12,500.

The 20th century

Mary Jackson succeeded her husband as proprietor in 1913 and established the famous two course Market Dinners of Stilton cheese, beef and vegetables, and a pint of Nottingham ale for one shilling. Following her death a quirk in her will meant the Inn had to go for sale by public auction.

The Inn was purchased for £26,000 by her youngest son Robert who in 1928 converted the stable courtyard at the rear of the premises into the café bar style Snack Bar which included a large cabinet radio gramophone and catered to the workers building the new Nottingham Council House nearby.

Robert’s widow Dorothy continued the business following his death in 1934 and was joined by their son David in 1953. Extensive renovations opened up the family’s first floor accommodation to public use as the clubroom (now The Belfry Restaurant).

In 1957 the Jackson's established the Presentation of the President's Tankard ceremony which takes place on the first Wednesday in November and sees the President of the Nottingham University Students' Union receive an engraved silver tankard and a public banquet of two roasted pigs with stuffing, bread, and apple sauce. A plaque engraved with a list of all the Presidents since is on display in the snack bar

In 1982 the Inn became a Grade II listed building.

Dorothy died in 1984 and David continued running the business with his two sons Paul and Richard. Another period of renovation concluded with the extension of the Snack Bar in 1991.

The Jackson family celebrated 100 years of ownership in 1998 and the Inn was featured along with its rivals Ye Olde Trip to Jerusalem Inn and Ye Olde Salutation Inn in an episode of the Channel 4 TV series History Hunters which used records, building architecture and timbers, and local legends to decide which was truly the oldest.

The 21st century

The Inn was sold to Hardys & Hansons in 2002, which was in turn sold to Greene King in 2006.

Premises

Entranceway and bars

Entrance to the bars is via the central passageway, that used to lead to the stables where the Snack Bar now stands, which retains its original flagstones. To the right of the entranceway are the leprosy windows where customers supposedly had their fingers counted before being allowed to enter.

The original bars known as The Long Room (a.k.a. The Tudor Bar) and The Elizabethan Bar (a.k.a. Lizzies Bar) date back to 1437 and the original timber crown-posts and cross beams have been preserved. The Tudor Bar also features a piece of the original wallpaper amongst other historical artifacts on display. Lizzies Bar is dominated by a large stained glass window and restoration work in 2002 uncovered the original wooden floor showing evidence of where the bar was once located.

The Snack Bar was an outdoor courtyard with two wells used for brewing that was converted to its current form by Robert Jackson in 1928 and extended his son and grandson in 1991 to include a stage for live music performances.

First floor restaurant and function room

The original living quarters, with a bedroom and bathroom featuring two front facing windows overlooking the Old Market Square, were opened to the public as the Clubroom by the Jackson family in 1953. The oak panelled low-beamed room which features an original fireplace now houses The Belfry restaurant. The Crown Post Room is an extension to The Belfry that is used for private functions and features the unusual crown post roof supports.

The cellars

The cellars are located in natural and hand carved caves in the sandstone beneath what is now the Snack Bar and adjacent buildings. Dating back to the Norman dynasty they were excavated by the Carmelite friars and contain two wells (including the Monks Well), the site of the original kitchen where Mary Jackson prepared her Market Dinners and a well preserved bonded warehouse once used by a neighbouring wine merchant. The Cellars are opened to the public on regular guided tours.

External links

* [http://www.thebell-inn.com/ The Bell Inn] official site
* [http://www.bbc.co.uk/nottingham/360/public_houses/bell_inn.shtml The Bell Inn] at BBC Nottingham
* [http://www.virtualworldtours.com/bell/index.asp The Bell Inn virtual tour]

References