Henry Birkin

Le Mans drivers
Name = Tim Birkin


caption = Birkin (left), in conversation with Malcolm Campbell at Brooklands
Nationality = flagicon|UK British
Years = 24hLM|1928-24hLM|1932
Team(s) = Bentley Motors Ltd.
Private
Best Finish = 1st (24hLM|1929, 24hLM|1931)
Class Wins = 2 (24hLM|1929, 24hLM|1931)

Sir Henry Ralph Stanley "Tim" Birkin, 3rd Baronet (26 July 1896 – 22 June 1933) was a British racing driver, one of the "Bentley Boys" of the 1920s.

Background and family

He was born into a wealthy Nottingham family in 1896. He was the son of Sir Thomas Stanley Birkin, 2nd Bt. and Hon. Margaret Diana Hopetoun Chetwynd. In childhood, Henry Birkin gained the nickname "Tim", after the children's comic book character Tiger Tim, created by Julius Stafford Baker, who was extremely popular at the time. The nickname stuck right up to Birkin's death.

He married Audrey Clara Lilian Latham, daughter of Sir Thomas Paul Latham, 1st Bt. and Florence Clara Walley, on 12 July 1921. They were divorced in 1928.

He and Audrey had two daughters, Pamela and Sara, both of whom married and had issue. The elder daughter Pamela (d. 1983) married two Buxton cousins in succession, and her second husband was the Life Peer Baron Buxton of Alsa, KCVO, MC. She had seven children. [ [http://www.thepeerage.com/p5051.htm#i50501 thePeerage.com - Person Page 5051 ] ] . The younger daughter Sara (d. 1976) married twice, and had two sons by her first husband.

At his death, without sons of his own, in 1933, he was succeeded by his next surviving paternal uncle Sir Alexander Russell Birkin, 3rd Baronet (d. 1942).

His younger brother, Archie Birkin, was killed during practice for the 1927 Isle of Man TT motorcycle races.

Military career

He joined the Royal Flying Corps during World War I and gained the rank of Lieutenant in the service of the 108th (Norfolk and Suffolk Yeoman) Field Brigade, serving in Palestine where he contracted malaria, a disease from which he would suffer for the rest of his life.

Racing career

In 1921 he turned to motor racing, competing a few races at Brooklands. Business then forced him to retire from the tracks until 1927 when he entered a three litre Bentley for a six hour race. For 1928 he changed to a 4½ litre car and after some good results decided to become a professional racer against his family's wishes. Soon the little Bentley driver, racing with a blue and white spotted silk scarf around his neck, would be a familiar sight on the race tracks. In 1928 Birkin entered the Le Mans race, leading the first twenty laps until a jammed wheel forced him to drop back, finishing fifth.

The next year he was back as winner, racing the "Speed Six" as co-driver to Woolf Barnato. But Birkin had now come to the conclusion that a supercharger was necessary for the car. The Bentleys were huge cars. Ettore Bugatti called them "the world's fastest lorries".Fact|date=February 2007 The wheelbase was 3.3 meters and the weight almost two tons. The ordinary Bentley engine (100x140mm = 4.398 cc) produced some 130bhp. With technical help from Clive Gallop and supercharger specialist Amherst Villiers, and with Dorothy Paget financing the project, Birkin rebuilt the car at his engineering works at Welwyn Garden City in Hertfordshire, adding a huge Roots-type supercharger in front of the radiator driven straight from the crankshaft, giving the car a unique appearance. The 242bhp "Blower Bentley" was born.

The Blower Bentley first appeared at the Essex six hour race at Brooklands on 29 June 1929. However the car proved to be very unreliable. W.O. Bentley himself had never accepted the Blower Bentley. He said that supercharging a Bentley was "to pervert the design and corrupt the performance".Fact|date=February 2007 However Birkin somehow managed to persuade "W.O." to produce the fifty supercharged cars necessary for the model to be accepted for the 1930 Le Mans twenty four hour race. At the end a total of fifty five Blower Bentleys were built. After an epic duel between Dudley Benjafield and Birkin's Blower Bentleys and Rudolf Caracciola's Mercedes SSK at the 1930 Le Mans race, all three retired, leaving the victory to the Speed Six car of Barnato and Glen Kidston. Birkin's act of courage and fearless driving, in particular in harrying Caracciola into submission, is sometimes regarded as one of the most evocative of the true spirit of the Vintage Racing era.

Back in 1925 the energetic motor sports enthusiast Eugène Azemar, who was involved with the Tourist Board in St Gaudens in southern France, succeeded in persuading the Automobile Club du Midi to arrange a Grand Prix race in the region. A great success, the St Gaudens track later got the honor of hosting the 1928 French Grand Prix. If they can, so can we, thought the city council in the nearby town of Pau and decided to try to take the French Grand Prix to their own town. Pau actually had some Grand Prix traditions, as the town held the honour of arranging the first race ever to be called a Grand Prix back in 1901. For the 1930 Grand Prix a triangular, Le Mans-type track outside the city was selected. Known as the Circuit de Morlaas it should not be confused with the well-known street track in the Parque Beaumont. The French had hoped to run the race to the International Formula, but when the response was poor the event was postponed and changed to a Formula Libre event instead. The new date meant that the Italian teams were unable to attend, leaving it to be mostly an internal French affair with sixteen Bugattis, two Peugeots and a Delage among the twenty five starters. Among the top Bugatti drivers were Louis Chiron, Marcel Lehoux, Count Stanislas Czaikowski, Jean-Pierre Wimille, Philippe Étancelin and William Grover-Williams.

A curiosity in the largely single-seat entry list was Tim Birkin's Blower Bentley touring car, stripped down to racing trim, with headlights and mudguards removed. The race distance was twenty five laps of the 15.8 km track, making a total of 396 km. Guy Bouriat took an early lead, followed by Williams, Zanelli, Czaikowski and Étancelin, with Birkin as first non-Bugatti driver, in sixth place. Williams in a works Bugatti then became the next leader. Czaikowski fell back through the field and Bouriat in the other works Bugatti made a pitstop giving over the car to Chiron. Then Williams also had to make a stop for a new wheel. That all made way for Étancelin to advance and he was followed by Birkin, the track with its long straights suiting the supercharged Bentley perfectly.

At one-third distance Chiron led, followed by Étancelin, Williams and Birkin. Birkin's fourth place became a third as Williams got engine troubles but then Zanelli, who had made an early stop, came rushing through the field pushing Birkin back to fourth. At lap ten "Sabipa" crashed and was thrown out of his Bugatti, Birkin only avoiding the injured driver by the slightest of margins. After eleven laps Chiron encountered problems with oil pressure and Étancelin took over the lead. Soon Chiron was also passed by Zanelli and Birkin. The Bentley driver used the horn to warn the Bugatti to move over, surely a unique occurrence in Grand Prix racing! With seven laps to go Zanelli made another pitstop and Birkin was up into second place. While Étancelin, with a 2.5 minute lead, nursed his Bugatti home to take victory, Zanelli had not given up and was catching Birkin fast. At the flag the margin was down to fourteen seconds but it was enough for the British Bentley driver to make Grand Prix history.

Death

Dorothy Paget withdrew her support for the team in October 1930 but she continued to support one car for Birkin. Bentley lost its independent identity when the factory was taken over by Rolls-Royce in 1931. That year, Birkin won Le Mans with Earl Howe in an Alfa Romeo, even receiving a telegram from Mussolini congratulating him on his "win for Italy". On the 24th March 1932 he raised the Brooklands Outer Circuit lap record to 137.96 mph in his famous single seater red Blower Bentley, a record which stood for another two years before being beaten by John Cobb driving the 24 litre Napier Railton. On 7 May 1933 he started the Tripoli Grand Prix in a new 3 L Maserati 8C owned by fellow driver Bernard Rubin, finishing third. During his pit stop Birkin burnt his arm badly against the hot exhaust pipe while picking up a cigarette lighter. There are different opinions of what then happened. The traditional view is that the wound turned septic. Others say Birkin suffered from a malaria attack. Probably it was a combination of both that proved fatal, as Birkin died at Countess Carnavon Nursing Home in London 22 June 1933.

Trivia

*There is a tuned version of the Bentley Continental GT built by German aftermarket tuner MTM called the MTM Bentley Birkin Edition named in honor of Sir Henry, the car produces either 632 hp or 641 hp depending on the trim ordered by the buyer.

In 2000 Bentley produced an Arnage in limited numbers called "The Birkin Arnage"

Further reading

* Henry Ralph Stanley Birkin - "Full throttle: Sir Henry ("Tim") Birkin" (London: G.T. Foulis & Co. Ltd., 1948)

Complete European Championship results

() (Races in bold indicate pole position)

References

* [http://8w.forix.com/birkin.html 8w.forix.com]
* [http://www.thepeerage.com/p3678.htm The Peerage]
*Autosport 22 June 2006 p142
* [http://www.brooklandstrack.co.uk/Drivrlist/birkin.htm The Brooklands Society]
* [http://www.evo.co.uk/news/evonews/202010/german_tuner_makes_maddest_bentley.html German tuner makes maddest Bentley] from evo magazine.