Style (manner of address)
A style of office, or honorific, is a term which by
Examples of styles
Law courts
*The Honorable (abbreviation "Hon.", oral address "Your Honor") — Judges and Justices in the
*His/Her Honour Judge X, (abbreviation HHJ X, oral address "Your Honour"); Circuit judges in England and Wales.
*Lord/Lady X (abbreviation X LJ, referential "His Lordship/Her Ladyship; oral address "My Lord/Lady" or "Your Lordship/Your Ladyship"); Judges of the
* Oral address "Your Worship" -
Diplomacy
*His Most Reverend Excellency (abbreviation Most Rev. Ex., oral address "Your Excellency") - The Apostolic Nuncio, because his rank is equal to an extraordinary and plenipotentiary ambassador and he is simultaneously a higher prelate.
*His/Her Excellency (abbreviation "HE", oral address "Your Excellency") — most Ambassadors, High Commissioners and Permanent Representatives to International Organizations; sometimes also the Presidents of the Republics, Governors of provinces and the Prime Minister.
*The Honorable (oral address "Mr./Madam Ambassador") — U.S. Ambassadors
Religion
* Monarchies *His/Her Imperial Majesty, (abbreviation "HIM", oral address "Your Imperial Majesty") — Emperors and Empresses The English style Serene Highness and even more Illustrious Highness goes back to an incorrect translation. These styles originally did not exist in English-speaking countries. His/Her Serene Highness = German: Seine/Ihre Durchlaucht;His/Her Illustrious Highness = German: Seine/Ihre Erlaucht; Italian: Sua Illustrissima; Spanish: Su Ilustrísima Republics *His/Her *The *The custom in *In Academic Traditional forms of address at German-speaking universities: Traditional forms of address at Dutch-speaking universities: Medicine *Doctor - consultants, junior doctors, general practitioners Commonwealth countries Commonwealth prime ministers are usually addressed just as "Prime Minister", but the form of address "Mr. Prime Minister" is also often used in certain countries. "Mr. Prime Minister" remains a common form of address in international diplomacy, "Prime Minister" alone remains more common within domestic politics. Legislative bodies *The Right Honourable Member for... — British and some Commonwealth countries' MPs who are Privy Counsellors, some Local government *The Right Honourable — Australia *His/Her Excellency - Governor-General and his wife and all state Governors (but not their wives/husbands) Canada *His/Her Majesty — King/Queen of Canada United Kingdom *The Most Noble "or" His Grace (oral address "Your Grace") — tyles existing through marriage Styles can be acquired through marriage, though traditionally this applies more to wives of office-holders than to husbands. Thus, in the This gender differentiation continues into the next generation in traditional royal families. Thus, while the sons of The Prince of Wales and the daughters of The Duke of York have HRH styles, the children of The Princess Royal have no styles. (She requested that they, like her husband, be given no courtesy titles or peerages, though they could have been: the key point is that they did not automatically receive any.) Styles and titles can terminate when a marriage is dissolved. The style " While there was the option of awarding an "HRH" style to Diana, Princess of Wales in her "personal" capacity (which could be justified, given that she was the mother of a future king), it was decided not to award her the style. As a result, from the moment of her divorce until her death, she ceased to hold any royal style or title, though out of courtesy or ignorance many people still applied the style 'HRH' to her. Similarly, when In 1936, Philippines *His/Her Illustrious Excellency- The President of the Philippines. This is a throwback to Spanish colonial practice when the Royal Governor General of the Philippines used the same title. The full title of the current Philippine President is "Her Illustrious Excellency, The Right Honourable the President for the Republic of the Philippines, United States In general, all government officials in the U.S., particularly elected officials and judges, are styled "The Ireland In the Former styles All former monarchies had styles, some, as in the Bourbon monarchy of France, extremely complicated depending on the status of the office or office-holder. For the styles of address to government officials in Imperial Russia, see The names of some offices are also tyles and titles of deposed monarchs General tradition indicates that where a monarch has been deposed but has not abdicated, they retain the use of their style and title for the duration of their lifetime, but both die with them. Hence Greece's deposed king is still technically "His Majesty King Constantine II of the Hellenes", as a "personal" title, not a constitutional office, since the abolition of the monarchy by the Hellenic Republic in 1974. Similarly, until his death the last King of Italy, King Umberto II, was technically entitled to be called "His Majesty the King of Italy" or "Your Majesty". In contrast, the "ex-King While this rule is generally observed, and indeed some exiled monarchs are allowed diplomatic passports by their former state, other states take offence at the use of such titles. The current Hellenic Republic has long challenged King Constantine's right to use his title; in 1981, the then Greek President Other parallel symbols Styles were often among the range of symbols that surrounded figures of high office. Everything from the manner of address to the behaviour of a person on meeting that personage was surrounded by traditional symbols. Monarchs were to be bowed to by men and curtsied to by women. Senior clergy, particularly in the Roman Catholic Church, were to have their rings (the symbol of their authority) kissed by lay persons while they were on bended knee, while cardinals in an act of homage at the papal coronation were meant to kiss the feet of the Supreme Pontiff, the Many of these traditions have lapsed or been partially abandoned. At his inauguration as pope in 1978 (itself the abandonment of the traditional millennium-old papal coronation), Similarly, styles, though still used, are used less often. The current However, styles are still widely used in formal documents and correspondence between heads of state, such as in a elf-styled The term "self-styled" roughly means awarding a "style" to yourself, often without adequate justification or authority. However, often people style themselves with " Notes 1 Though the Republic of Ireland does not possess a Privy Council, the style is still used. The ee also * References # [http://www.ris.bka.gv.at/taweb-cgi/taweb?x=d&o=d&v=bnd&d=BND&i=13945&p=3&q=%20%20und%20%28Adelsaufhebungsgesetz%29%3AKTIT%2CABK%20%20%20%20%20%20und%20%2820040526%3E%3DIDAT%20und%2020040526%3C%3DADAT%29%20 Austrian law on noble titles] External links * [http://www.pch.gc.ca/progs/cpsc-ccsp/pe/titre_e.cfm Table of titles to be used in Canada (Department of Canadian Heritage)]
*His Highness the
*His All Holiness (abbreviation "HAH", oral address "Your All Holiness") — the
*His Holiness (abbreviation "HH", oral address "Your Holiness") — the
*Her Holiness (abbreviation "HH", oral address "Your Holiness") — the Nisut-Bity of the Kemetic Orthodox Faith
*His Beatitude (oral address "Your Beatitude") — Eastern Orthodox, Oriental Orthodox, and Catholic
*His Eminence (abbreviation "HE", oral address "Your Eminence") — Cardinals of the Catholic Church
*His Excellency "or" The Most Reverend (abbreviation "The Most Rev.", oral address "Your Excellency") — Catholic
*His Grace "or" The Most Reverend (abbreviation for latter "The Most Rev.", oral address "Your Grace") — Catholic
*His Grace "or" The Right Reverend (abbreviation for latter "The Rt. Rev.", oral address "Your Grace") — Eastern Orthodox
*His Lordship "or" The Right Reverend (abbreviation for latter "The Rt Rev.", oral address "My Lord") — Catholic
*The Most Reverend and Right Honourable (abbreviation "The Most Rev. and Rt Hon.", oral address "Your Grace") — Anglican
*The Most Reverend (abbreviation "The Most Rev.", oral address "Your Grace") — Anglican
*The Most Reverend (abbreviation "The Most Rev.", oral address "Father") — The Leader of "The People of the
*The Most Reverend (abbreviation "The Most Rev.", oral address "My Lord") — Anglican
*The Most Reverend (abbreviation "The Most Rev.", oral address "Presiding Bishop") — the Presiding Bishop of the
*The Right Reverend and Right Honourable Monsignor (abbreviation "The Rt Rev. and Rt Hon. Mgr", oral address "Monsignor", or according to personal preference) — Prelate of Honour who is also a Privy Counsellor (The Right Reverend and Right Honourable Monsignor
*The Right Reverend and Right Honourable (abbreviation "The Rt Rev. and Rt Hon.", oral address "Bishop") — Anglican
*The Right Reverend (abbreviation "The Rt Rev.", oral address "Bishop") — other Anglican
*The Right Reverend (abbreviation "The Rt Rev.", oral address "Reverend") — Moderator of the
*The Right Reverend Father (abbreviation "The Rt. Rev. Fr.", oral address "Father") — Eastern Orthodox
*The Right Reverend (abbreviation "The Rt. Rev.", oral address "Father" or "Father Abbot") —
*The Right Reverend (abbreviation "The Rt Rev.", oral address "Bishop") — diocesan
*Bishop (oral address "Bishop") an area
*The Very Reverend (abbreviation "The Very Rev. ", oral address "Father") —
*The Very Reverend Father (abbreviation "The Very Rev. Fr.", oral address "Father") — Eastern Orthodox
*The Very Reverend (abbreviation "The Very Rev. ", oral address "Mr Dean" or "Mr Provost", as appropriate, or "Very Reverend Sir") —
*The Very Reverend (abbreviation "The Very Rev. ", oral address "Very Reverend Sir" or "Mr Dean") — Deans of some
*The Very Reverend (abbreviation "The Very Rev. ", oral address Osofo Panin) — Superintendent Minister in the
*The Very Reverend (abbreviation "The Very Rev.", oral address "Reverend") — former Moderators of the
*The Reverend Monsignor (abbreviation "The Rev. Msgr.", oral address "Monsignor") —
*The Venerable (oral address "Venerable Sir" or "Mr. Archdeacon") —
*Venerable (abbreviation "Ven.", oral address "Venerable" or "Venerable
*The Reverend and Right Honourable (abbreviation "The Revd and Rt Hon.") —
*The Reverend the Honourable (abbreviation "The Rev. the Hon.", oral address according to ecclesiastical or other status) — ordained son of an earl, viscount, or baron, or ordained daughter of a viscount or baron (unless also a privy counsellor or peer)
*The Very Reverend (abbreviation "The Very Rev.", oral address: "Overseer") In the Anglican-Apostolic Communion (Pentecostal)tradition, the Overseer is the lowest level of Prelate (only Non-Consecrated Bishop Prelate), with oversight to a specific work or department, directly responsible to the Primate/Presiding Bishop or a Bishop (Ordinary/Diocesan).
*The Reverend (abbreviation "The Rev.", or, occasionally, "The Revd") —
*The Reverend Canon (abbreviation "The Rev. Canon", oral address "Canon") —
*The Reverend Doctor (abbreviation "The Rev. Dr.", oral address "Father" or "Doctor") —
*The Reverend Father (abbreviation "The Rev. Fr.", oral address "Father") —
*The Reverend Mother (abbreviation "The Rev. Mo.", oral address "Mother") —
*The Reverend Mister (abbreviation "The Rev. Mr.", oral address "Deacon") —
*Mister (abbreviation "Mr.", oral address often "Deacon") —
*Mister (abbreviation "Mr.", oral address "Mister") —
*Mister (abbreviation "Mr.", oral address often "Mister") —
*Brother (abbreviation "Br.", oral address "Brother") —
*Sister (oral address "Sister") -
*Grand Rabbi (oral address "Rabbi";) - Hasidic
*Rabbi (oral address "Rabbi"; if holder of the appropriate degree, "Doctor" both in oral and written communication) -
*Cantor (oral address "Cantor"; some cantors use "The Reverend" as style, as above) - Jewish cantors
*His/Her
*His/Her
*His/Her
*His/Her Most Faithful Majesty (abbreviation "HFM", oral address "Your Most Faithful Majesty") — the
*His/Her
*His/Her
*His/Her
*His/Her
*His/Her
*His/Her
*His/Her
*His/Her
*His/Her
*His/Her Highborn - counts, barons in several European countries, and also marquesses and viscounts in the Netherlands
*His/Her Grace - peers of the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth.
*His/Her High Well-born - knights and untitled noble persons in several European countries, and also barons in the Netherlands
*His/Her
*His/Her Magnificence - rector (president) of a university
*His/Her Notability (Seine Spektabilität; Professors have the privilege to use the Latin Spectabilis) - dean of a faculty
*Most Learned Sir (Hochgelehrter Herr Professor) - a professor
*Very Learned Sir (Sehr gelehrter Herr Doktor) - a doctor
*Well Learned Sir (Wohlgelehrter Herr Magister) - a master
*Learned Sir (Gelehrter Herr) - a bachelor or candidate (student after the first pre-examen)
*His/Her great honour (De edelgrootachtbare heer/vrouwe) - rector magnificus (president) of a university
*The highly learned Sir/Madam (De hooggeleerde heer/vrouwe) - dean of a faculty (a professor)
*The highly learned Sir/Madam (De hooggeleerde heer/vrouwe) - a professor
*The (noble) very learned Sir/Madam (De weledelzeergeleerde heer/vrouwe) - a doctor
*The (noble) learned Sir/Madam (De weledelgeleerde heer/vrouwe) - a
*The (noble) strictly Sir/Madam (De weledelgestrenge heer/vrouwe) - a doctorandus or master in laws, a university engineer
*Mister/Ms. - surgeons (UK)
*The Honourable Member for... —
**In the
**In
**In
*Senator... — in some Commonwealth countries' whose upper House is called the Senate.
*The Right Worshipful — all other
*The Worshipful — all other Mayors or other municipal governors
*His/Her Worship (oral address "Your Worship") — municipal leaders in
*The Honourable - Justices of the
*The Honourable - all current and former members of the Federal Executive Council and all current members of State
*His/Her Excellency — Governor General and Vice-regal consort "in office"
*
*His/Her Honour — Lieutenant-Governors and Viceregal consorts "in office"
*The Honourable
**"For life" — Members of the
**"In office only" — Speaker of the Senate, Speaker of the House of Commons, Minister Members of Parliament, Judges of provincial courts, Premiers of Provinces and Territories, Territorial commissioners & Provincial and Territorial cabinet ministers
***Note: Members of Parliament are often referred to as "the honourable member for" (their riding) but do not use the style "honourable" with their name.
*The Honourable Mr/Madam Justice — Chief Justices of province & Justices of superior courts
*His/Her Worship (oral address Your Worship) — Justices of the Peace, magistrates and Municipal leaders "in office"
*The Most Honourable (abbreviation "The Most Hon.") —
*The Right Honourable (abbreviation "The Rt Hon.") —
*The Right Honourable and Learned — as the previous explanation, but if the holder is also a
*The Right Honourable and Gallant — as the previous explanation, but if the holder is also a serving military officer
*The Honourable (abbreviation "The Hon.") — younger sons of Earls, all children of Viscounts and Barons/Lords of Parliament
*The Much Honoured (abbreviation "The Much Hon.") — Scottish
*His/Her Excellency- Governors of Philippine Provinces. The full title of a Philippine Governor is "His/Her Excellency, The Honourable the Governor for the Province of X".
*His/Her Honour- Vice Governors of Provinces. The full title of a Philippine Vice Governor is "His/Her Honour, The Honourable the Vice Governor for the Province of X".
*Sir/Madame- The Presidential or Gubernatorial Consort has no constitutional title, but it is common custom to address the Consort with these titles. The titles "Don" and "Doña" are used occasionally.
*Judges are all, in general, addressed as "Your Honor", or "His/Her Honor", or else as "Judge Smith" or "Justice Jones" (the form, "Mr. Justice Jones" for members of the Supreme Court of the United States is considered archaic and is no longer used by the court, although at present "Mr. Chief Justice" is still used to address the
*In some municipalities (e.g., New York City and Chicago), mayors are addressed as "Your Honor" -- this may be a vestige of the fact that the mayor of New York City (and some others) were also magistrates of the court system.
*His/Her Excellency (oral address Excellency, Your Excellency) was customarily used of governors of states in general, though this has given way to the generic "honorable" for the most part, except in such states as the Commonwealth of Virginia, the Commonwealth of Massachusetts, and of the states of
*Members of the House of Representatives, referred to as Members of Congress, are similarly styled The Honorable, sometimes with "M.C." after their names in certain circumstances, or else their simple title (that is, "The Honorable John Jones, M.C.", or "Representative John Jones", or "Congressman John Jones"). Senators similarly are "The Honorable" or "Senator Smith." On the actual floor of the houses during debate, members commonly refer to one another as the gentleman/gentlewoman "from such-and-such a state" - "As my friend, the distinguished gentleman from Ohio, just said..." or "I yield three minutes to the gentleman from New York, Mr. Smith". In the Senate, it is customary to refer to colleagues as the junior or senior senator from a state, as in "I disagree with my dear friend, the junior senator from Ohio...".
*Though it has no legal meaning in the U.S. and may, in theory, be used by anyone (or at least, customarily, by any male), the term "esquire," abbreviated "Esq." after the name (John Jones, Esq.) is used almost exclusively by lawyers and may generally be regarded on business cards or stationery as an indication that the person is a member of the bar. Although some authorities previously urged that use of "Esq." should be restricted to male lawyers, today the term is used in addressing both male and female attorneys.
*In academic fields, it is customary to refer to those holding professorships as "Professor Jones". Lecturers and adjunct instructors may be referred to as "Dr. Jones" if they hold a doctorate.
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* [http://www.pch.gc.ca/progs/cpsc-ccsp/pe/address2_e.cfm Styles of Address (Department of Canadian Heritage)]
* [http://www.justice.gov.uk/guidance/forms-of-address.htm Forms of Address for use orally and in correpondence (UK Crown Office)]
* [http://www.infoplease.com/ipa/A0001618.html Forms of Address] from Infoplease