Quarterly Review

The "Quarterly Review", a literary and political periodical founded in March 1809 ["Courier" (London newspaper), March 1, 1809, "Published this day". The first issue, however, bore a title page date of February, 1809.] by the well known London publishing house John Murray.

Early years

Initially, the "Quarterly" was set up primarily to counter the influence on public opinion of the "Edinburgh Review". Its first editor, William Gifford, was appointed by George Canning, at the time Foreign Secretary, later Prime Minister.

Early contributors included the Secretaries of the Admiralty John Wilson Croker and Sir John Barrow, the Poet Laureate Robert Southey, the poet-novelist Sir Walter Scott, the Italian exile Ugo Foscolo, the Gothic novelist Charles Robert Maturin, and the essayist Charles Lamb.

Under Gifford, the journal took the Canningite liberal-conservative position on matters of domestic and foreign policy, if only inconsistently. [Boyd Hilton, ‘“Sardonic grins” and “paranoid politics”: Religion, Economics, and Public Policy in the "Quarterly Review"’, in J. Cutmore (ed.), "Conservatism and the Quarterly Review: A Critical Analysis" (London: Pickering & Chatto, 2007), pp. 41-60.] It opposed major political reforms, but it supported the gradual abolition of slavery, moderate law reform, humanitarian treatment of criminals and the insane, and the liberalizing of trade. In a series of brilliant articles, in its pages Southey advocated a progressive philosophy of social reform. Because two of his key writers, Scott and Southey, were opposed to Catholic emancipation, Gifford did not permit the journal to take a clear position on that issue.

Reflecting divisions in the Tory party itself, under its third editor, John Gibson Lockhart, the "Quarterly" became less consistent in the political philosophy it espoused. While Croker continued to represent the Canningites and Peelites, the party's liberal wing, it also found a place for the more extremely conservative views of Lords Eldon and Wellington.

Notable reviews

Typical of early nineteenth-century journals, reviewing in the "Quarterly" was highly politicized and on occasion excessively dismissive. Writers and publishers known for their Unitarian or radical views were among the early journal's main targets. Prominent victims of scathing reviews included the Irish novelist Lady Morgan (Sydney Owenson), the English poet and essayist Walter Savage Landor, the English novelist Mary Wollstonecraft Shelley and her husband the poet Percy Bysshe Shelley. Infamously, in an 1817 article John Wilson Croker attacked John Keats in a review of "Endymion" for his association with Leigh Hunt and the so-called Cockney School of poetry. Shelley blamed Croker's article for bringing about the death of the seriously-ill poet, 'snuffed out', in Byron's ironic phrase, 'by an article'.

Later history

The "Quarterly Review" stopped publication in 1967. A publication taking this name was founded in 2007. Edited by Derek Turner, the new "Quarterly Review" is a successor to "Right Now!".

Nineteenth-Century Editors

*William Gifford (February 1809 – December 1824. Vol. 1, Number 1 – Vol. 31, Number 61)
*John Taylor Coleridge (March 1825 – December 1825. Vol. 31, Number 62 – Vol. 33, Number 65)
*John Gibson Lockhart (March 1826 – June 1853. Vol. 33, Number 66 – Vol. 93, Number 185)
*Whitwell Elwin (September 1853 – July 1860. Vol. 93, Number 186 – Vol. 108, Number 215)
*William Macpherson (October 1860 – January 1867. Vol. 108, Number 216 – Vol. 122, Number 243)
*William Smith (April 1867 – July 1893, Vol. 122, Number 244 – Vol. 177, Number 353)
*John Murray IV (October 1893 – January 1894. Vol. 177, Number 354 – Vol. 178, Number 355)
*Rowland Edmund Prothero (April 1894 – January 1899. Vol. 178, Number 356 – Vol. 189, Number 377)
*George Walter Prothero (April 1899 – October 1900. Vol. 189, Number 378 – Vol. 192, Number 384) [Walter E. Houghton (ed.), "The Wellesley Index to Victorian Periodicals 1824–1900", 5 vols. (Toronto: Univ. of Toronto Press, 1966–87), Vol. 1.]

References

Further reading

*Jonathan Cutmore (ed.), "Conservatism and the Quarterly Review: A Critical Analysis" (London: Pickering & Chatto, 2007)
*Jonathan Cutmore, "Contributors to the Quarterly Review 1809-25: A History" (London: Pickering & Chatto, 2008)
*John O. Hayden, "The Romantic Reviewers, 1802-1824" (Chicago: UCP, 1969)
*Joanne Shattock, "Politics and Reviewers: The Edinburgh and the Quarterly in the Early Victorian Age" (Leicester: Leicester University Press, 1989)
*Hill Shine and Helen Chadwick Shine, "The Quarterly Review Under Gifford: Identification of Contributors 1809-1824" (Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press, 1949) [Shine is superseded by Cutmore, "Contributors" (2008)]
*The main repository of manuscript papers relating to the "Quarterly Review" is the archive of John Murray (publisher). In 2007, the archive was purchased by the National Library of Scotland, Edinburgh.

External links

*Jonathan Cutmore, "The Quarterly Review Archive" [http://www.rc.umd.edu/reference/qr/]