Ian Chappell

Ian Chappell

Personal information
Full name	Ian Michael Chappell
Born	26 September 1943 (1943-09-26) (age 68) Unley, South Australia, Australia
Nickname	Chappelli
Height	1.80 m (5 ft 11 in)
Batting style	Right-handed
Bowling style	Right arm leg spin
Role	Top-order batsman
International information
National side	Australia
Test debut (cap 231)	4 December 1964 v Pakistan
Last Test	6 February 1980 v England
ODI debut (cap 2)	5 January 1971 v England
Last ODI	14 January 1980 v England
Domestic team information
Years	Team
1962–1980	South Australia
1963	Lancashire
Career statistics
Competition	Test	ODI	FC	LA
Matches	75	16	262	37
Runs scored	5345	673	19680	1277
Batting average	42.42	48.07	48.35	39.90
100s/50s	14/26	0/8	59/96	0/13
Top score	196	86	209	93*
Balls bowled	2873	42	13143	202
Wickets	20	2	176	5
Bowling average	65.80	11.50	37.57	28.40
5 wickets in innings	0	–	2	0
10 wickets in match	0	n/a	0	n/a
Best bowling	2/21	2/14	5/29	2/14
Catches/stumpings	105/–	5/–	312/1	20/–
Source: Cricinfo, 13 November 2007

Ian Michael Chappell (born 26 September 1943) is a former cricketer who played for South Australia and Australia. He captained Australia between 1971 and 1975 before taking a central role in the breakaway World Series Cricket organisation. Born into a cricketing family—his grandfather and brother also captained Australia—Chappell made a hesitant start to international cricket playing as a right-hand middle-order batsman and spin bowler. He found his niche when promoted to bat at number three. Known as “Chappelli”, he earned a reputation as one of the greatest captains the game has seen.^[1][2][3][4] Chappell's blunt verbal manner led to a series of confrontations with opposition players and cricket administrators; the issue of sledging first arose during his tenure as captain and he was a driving force behind the professionalisation of Australian cricket in the 1970s.^[5]

John Arlott called him, “a cricketer of effect rather than the graces”.^[6] An animated presence at the batting crease, he constantly adjusted his equipment and clothing, and restlessly tapped his bat on the ground as the bowler ran in. Basing his game on a sound defence learned during many hours of childhood lessons, Chappell employed the drive and square cut to full effect.^[5] He had an idiosyncratic method of playing back and across to a ball of full length and driving wide of mid on,^[7] but his trademark shot was the hook, famously saying "three bouncers an over should be worth 12 runs to me".^[8] A specialist slip fielder, he was the fourth player to take one hundred Test catches.

Since his retirement in 1980, he has pursued a high-profile career as a sports journalist and cricket commentator, predominately with Channel Nine.^[4] He remains a major figure in Australian cricket: in 2006, Shane Warne called Chappell the biggest influence on his career.^[9] On 9 July 2009, Ian Chappell was inducted into the ICC Cricket Hall of Fame.^[10]

Family and early career

The first of three sons born in Adelaide to Martin and Jeanne (née Richardson), Chappell was steeped in the game from an early age. His father was a noted Adelaide grade cricketer who put a bat in his hands as soon as he could walk,^[4] and his maternal grandfather was a famous all-round sportsman Vic Richardson, who captained Australia at the end of a nineteen-Test career.^[11] Chappell was given weekly batting lessons from the age of five, as were younger brothers Greg and Trevor, who both went on to play for Australia.^[12]

Chappell's maternal grandfather Vic Richardson

Chappell grew up in the beachside suburb of Glenelg and attended the local St Leonard's Primary School where he played his first competitive match at the age of seven. He was later selected for the South Australian state schoolboys team.^[13] He then enrolled at Prince Alfred College, a private secondary school noted for producing many Test cricketers, including the Australian captains Joe Darling and Clem Hill. His other sporting pursuits included Australian football and baseball: Chappell's performances for his state in the Claxton Shield won him All-Australian selection in 1964 and 1966 as a catcher.^[14] At the age of 18, his form in grade cricket for Glenelg led to his first-class debut for South Australia (SA) against Tasmania in early 1962. Chappell replaced West Indian Garry Sobers who was selected for a Test match in the Caribbean.^[15]

The aggressive style of Sobers and SA captain Les Favell heavily influenced Chappell during his formative years in major cricket.^[16] In 1962–63, Chappell made his initial first-class century against a New South Wales team led by Australian captain Richie Benaud, who was bemused by the young batsman's habit of gritting his teeth as he faced up; to Benaud, it looked as if he was grinning.^[17] Chappell spent the northern summer of 1963 as a professional in England's Lancashire League with Ramsbottom and played a single first-class match for Lancashire.^[18]

International career

In 1963–64, Chappell batted at number three for SA for the first time, in a match against Queensland at Brisbane, and scored 205 not out.^[19] He was the youngest member of the SA team that won the Sheffield Shield that season.^[20] A century against Victoria early the following season resulted in Chappell's selection for a one-off Test against Pakistan at Melbourne in December 1964. He made 11 and took four catches,^[21] but was dropped until the Fourth Test in the 1965-66 Ashes series. Chappell supplemented his aggressive batting with brilliant fielding in the slips, and he showed promise as a leg-spinner.^[4] At this point, the selectors and captain Bob Simpson considered him an all-rounder: he batted at number seven and bowled 26 (eight-ball) overs for the match.^[19]

Hesitant start

He retained his place for the following Test and for the tour of South Africa in summer 1966–67. Playing in a side defeated 1–3, Chappell struggled to make an impression. His highest score in ten Test innings was 49, while his five wickets cost 59 runs each.^[22] On the advice of Simpson, he ceased playing the hook shot as it was often leading to his dismissal.^[23] In the first Test of 1967–68 against India, he failed twice batting in the middle order. Heading into the second Test at Melbourne, Chappell's place was in jeopardy, but he rode his luck to score 151 — his innings contained five chances that the Indians failed to take.^[19] However, in the remainder of the series, he managed only 46 runs in four innings,^[24] so his selection for the 1968 tour of England was based as much on potential as form.

In England, Chappell rewarded the faith of the selectors by scoring the most first-class runs on the tour (1,261 runs, including 202 not out against Warwickshire), leading the Australian Test aggregates with 348 runs (at 43.50).^[25] His top score was 81 in the fourth Test at Leeds. Wisden lauded his play off the back foot and judged him the most difficult Australian batsman to dismiss.^[26] In a summer severely affected by rain, Australia drew the series and retained The Ashes.

Promotion to number three

A string of big scores and a record number of catches during the 1968–69 season earned Chappell the Australian Cricketer of the Year award.^[27] Against the touring West Indies, Chappell hit 188 not out, 123, 117, 180 and 165 before the New Year. Two of these centuries came in the Test series, when Chappell's average for 548 runs was 68.50.^[22] Chappell was elevated to number three in the batting order and became a less-frequent bowler; he was also appointed vice-captain of the team.^[5]

Following up with a successful tour of India in late 1969, Chappell demonstrated his fluency against spin bowling by compiling Test innings of 138 at Delhi and 99 at Kolkata. His ability against both fast and slow bowling earned high praise,^[28] most famously from his skipper Bill Lawry. When the Australians arrived in South Africa in early 1970, following their victory over India, Lawry told the local media that Chappell was the best all-round batsman in the world.^[29] His appraisal looked misguided when Chappell managed just 92 runs (at 11.5 average), with a top score of 34, as Australia lost 0–4.^[29]

On this tour, Chappell clashed with cricket administrators over pay and conditions for the first time.^[19] The South African authorities requested that an extra Test be added to the fixture and the Australian Board of Control consented. Incensed that the players were not consulted about the change, Chappell led a group of his teammates in a demand for more money to play the proposed game. Eventually the match was cancelled after Chappell and his supporters refused to back down.^[30]

Captaincy

Ian Chappell in the early 1970s

Chappell became SA captain when the long-serving Les Favell retired at the start of the 1970–71 season.^[31] His younger brother Greg made his debut in the second Test of the summer against Ray Illingworth's England. Facing an English attack led by the hostile fast bowling of John Snow, Chappell scored a half-century in each of the first two Tests, but failed to capitalise on good starts while Greg Chappell scored 108 in his initial innings.^[32] Rain caused the abandonment of the third Test without a ball bowled. Temporarily promoted to open the batting, Chappell failed in the fourth Test as Australia lost. In the fifth Test at Melbourne, he returned to number three and started nervously. Dropped on 0 and 14, Chappell found form and went on to post his maiden Ashes century (111 from 212 balls),^[33] which he followed with scores of 28 and 104 in the sixth Test.^[24]

The washed-out Test resulted in a late change to the schedule and an unprecedented seventh Test was played at Sydney in February 1971.^[34] Trailing 0–1 in the series, Australia could retain The Ashes by winning this game. Australia's performances were hampered by playing slow, defensive cricket. In a radical attempt to breathe some aggression into the team, the selectors sacked captain Bill Lawry and appointed Chappell in his stead.^[35] Dismayed by the manner of Lawry's dismissal,^[36] Chappell responded with an attacking performance as captain, he won the toss, put England in and dismissed them for 184, and Australia led the first innings by 80 runs, but set 223 to win they folded for 160 and lost The Ashes after holding them for 12 years. Chappell gained some consolation at the end of a dramatic summer when he led SA to the Sheffield Shield, the team's first win for seven years.^[37]

Chappell's battles against the short-pitched bowling of Snow during the season compelled him to reappraise his game. Following a conversation with Sir Donald Bradman, he decided to reinstate the hook shot and spent the winter months practising the stroke by hitting baseballs thrown by his brother Greg.^[38] Although he still regularly lost his wicket after playing the shot, Chappell felt that the psychological benefit of showing aggression to opposing bowlers offset the times that he was dismissed for a low score.

A team in his own image

Ian Chappell fashioned an Australian team in his own image between 1971 and 1975: aggressive, resourceful and insouciant.

—Gideon Haigh^[6]

Australia lost an unofficial Test series to a Rest of the World team that toured in 1971–72 as a replacement for the politically unacceptable South Africans.^[39] Chappell was the outstanding batsman of the series, with four centuries included in his 634 runs.^[40] He took the team to England in 1972 and was unlucky not to regain The Ashes in a rubber that ended 2–2. The series began disastrously for Chappell when he was out hooking from the first ball he faced in the opening Test at Manchester. He fell the same way in the second innings and Australia lost the match.^[41] However, the team regrouped and had the better of the remaining matches, apart from the fourth Test at Leeds, played on a controversial pitch that the Australians believed was "doctored" to suit the England team.^[42] Greg Chappell emerged as a prolific batsman during the series, batting one place below his brother in the order. The siblings shared several crucial partnerships,^[6] most notably 201 at the Oval in the last Test when they became the first brothers to score centuries in the same Test innings.^[43] Australia won the game, an effort that Chappell later cited as the turning point in the team's performances.^[44]

In 1972–73, Australia had resounding victories against Pakistan (at home) and the West Indies (away). Chappell's leadership qualities stood out in a number of tight situations. He hit his highest Test score of 196 (from 243 balls) in the first Test against Pakistan at Adelaide. Pakistan "appeared probable winners of the last two Tests on the second last day of each game", yet Chappell's team managed to win on both occasions.^[45]

On indifferent pitches in the Caribbean, Chappell was the highest-scoring batsman of the Test series with 542 runs (at 77.4 average).^[22] He hit 209 in a tour match against Barbados, two Test centuries and a "glorious" 97 on a poor pitch at Trinidad in the third Test, batting with an injured ankle. This set up a dramatic last day when the West Indies needed just 66 runs to win with six wickets in hand at lunch. The home team collapsed against an inspired Australian bowling attack supported by Chappell's aggressive field-placements.^[46] Chappell's team would be the last to leave the West Indies as winners for 22 years.

The ugly Australians

Australia played six Tests against New Zealand on both sides of the Tasman in 1973–74. Chappell led his team to a 2–0 victory in the three Tests played in Australia. During the third Test at Adelaide, he equalled the world record of six catches in a Test match by a fielder, which was beaten by his brother Greg the following season.^[47] In the drawn first Test at Wellington, the Chappells became the first brothers to each score a century in both innings of a Test match. The Australians lost to the Kiwis for the first time ever in the second Test at Christchurch, when Chappell was involved in a verbal confrontation with the leading New Zealand batsman, Glenn Turner.^[48] The Australians then played an ill-tempered tour match at Dunedin that didn't enhance the reputation of Chappell or his team, before winning the final Test at Auckland.^[49] On this tour, the behaviour of the team was questioned with some journalists labelling them "ugly Australians".^[1] In 1976, Chappell wrote about his attitude to the opposition:

... although we didn't deliberately set out to be a 'bunch of bastards' when we walked on to the field, I'd much prefer any team I captained to be described like that than as 'a nice bunch of blokes on the field.' As captain of Australia my philosophy was simple: between 11.00am and 6.00pm there was no time to be a nice guy. I believed that on the field players should concentrate on giving their best to the team, to themselves and to winning; in other words, playing hard and fairly within the rules. To my mind, doing all that left no time for being a nice guy.^[50]

The increasing prevalence of verbal confrontation on the field (later known as sledging) concerned cricket administrators and became a regular topic for the media.^[51] Its instigation is sometimes attributed to Chappell. By his own admission, he was a frequent user of profanity who was often at “boiling point” on the field, but claims that the various incidents he was involved in were not a premeditated tactic. Rather, they were a case of him losing his temper with an opponent.^[52] Sledging continues to cause controversy in the game; when the Australian team is involved, the phrase “ugly Australians” is still invoked in relation to the issue.

The Ashes regained and the first World Cup

Ian Chappell's Test career batting performance. The red bars indicate the runs that he scored in an innings, with the blue line indicating the batting average in his last ten innings. The blue dots indicate an innings where he remained not out.^[24]

The highlight of Chappell's career was Australia's 4–1 win over England in 1974–75 that reclaimed The Ashes. Strengthened by the new fast bowling partnership of Dennis Lillee and Jeff Thomson, the Australians played aggressive cricket and received criticism for the amount of short-pitched bowling they employed.^[53] Chappell scored 90 on an "unreliable" pitch on the first day of the opening Test at Brisbane.^[54] He finished the six Tests with 387 runs at 35.18 average, and took 11 catches in the slips.^[22] The Test matches attracted big crowds and record gate takings, enabling Chappell to negotiate a bonus for the players from the Australian Cricket Board (ACB).^[55] Although this more than doubled the players' pay, their remuneration amounted to only 4.5% of the revenue generated by the series.^[56]

Within months, Chappell was back in England leading Australia in the inaugural World Cup.^[57] His dislike of the defensive nature of limited-over cricket led to the Australians placing a full slips cordon for the new ball and employing Test-match style tactics in the tournament.^[58] Despite the apparent unsuitability of this approach, Chappell guided the team to the final where they lost a memorable match to the West Indies.^[59]

The workload of the captaincy was telling on Chappell and the four-Test Ashes series that followed the World Cup dampened his appetite for the game.^[60] After winning the only completed match of the series, the first Test at Birmingham, Australia’s retention of the Ashes was anti-climactic: the third Test at Leeds was abandoned due to vandalism of the pitch during the night before the last day’s play.^[61] In the last Test at the Oval, Chappell scored 192 from 367 balls to set up an apparent victory. However, England managed to bat for almost 15 hours to grind out a draw and Chappell announced his resignation from the captaincy on the final day of the match.^[62] In 30 Tests as captain, he scored 2,550 runs at an average of 50, with seven centuries.^[63]

First retirement

Remaining available for Test cricket, he played in the 1975–76 series against the West Indies under the captaincy of his brother Greg. Australia avenged their loss in the World Cup final by winning 5–1, claiming the unofficial title of best team in the world.^[64] During the season, Chappell incurred censure for his behaviour in a Sheffield Shield match and was warned not to continue wearing a pair of Adidas boots with the three stripes clearly visible. This breached the prevailing protocol of cricketers wearing all white.^[65] His highest innings of the summer was 156 during Australia's only loss, at Perth in the second Test. Wisden nominated him as the most influential player of the series for his 449 runs at an average of 44.90.^[64] Throughout the course of the series, Chappell passed two significant milestones when he became the fourth Australian to make 5,000 runs in Test cricket and the first player to hold one hundred Test catches for Australia.^[66] The summer ended in controversy and triumph in the domestic competition. During a dispute with the SACA over team selection, he threatened a "strike" action by the SA team. After the matter was resolved, Chappell led the side to the Sheffield Shield title for the second time in his career and shared the inaugural Sheffield Shield player of the season award with his brother Greg.^[67] He retired from first-class cricket at the end of the season, aged only 32.^[68]

World Series Cricket and aftermath

In 1976, Chappell toured South Africa with Richie Benaud's International Wanderers team, released his autobiography Chappelli and was named as one of five Wisden Cricketers of the Year.^[65] He was hired to spend the summer of 1976–77 as a guest professional in the Melbourne district competition where he was paid more than he had been as Australian captain.^[5] During the season, he was involved in a famous altercation with a young English all-rounder who was in Victoria on a cricketing scholarship, Ian Botham. Both men have put forward vastly different versions as to what happened during the physical confrontation in a Melbourne pub.^[69] The animosity between them continues and Channel Nine used it as a marketing ploy when Botham temporarily partnered Chappell as a television commentator during the 1998–99 season.^[70] Botham again revived the feud in his 2007 autobiography with another version of the incident.^[71]

Rebel skipper

Throughout his career, Chappell found the ACB obdurate in his attempts to make a living from the game. In 1969 and 1970, they refused his applications to play professionally in England.^[72] As Australian captain, he made several unsuccessful representations at ACB meetings in an effort to secure a more realistic financial deal for the Australian players.^[36] In consultations with the then-president of the ACTU, Bob Hawke, he explored the possibility of unionising the players.^[73]

Approached to lead an Australian team in World Series Cricket (WSC), a breakaway professional competition organised by Kerry Packer for Channel Nine, Chappell signed a three-year contract worth A$75,000 in 1976.^[74] His participation was, "fundamental to the credibility of the enterprise".^[5] Chappell devised the list of Australian players to be signed, and was involved in the organisation and marketing of WSC.^[36] His central role was the result of, "years of personal disaffection with cricket officialdom",^[6] in particular Don Bradman. Recently, Chappell wrote:

While captaining Australia, I was approached on three separate occasions before WSC to play 'professional' cricket, and each time I advised the entrepreneurs to meet the appropriate cricket board because they controlled the grounds. On each occasion, the administrators sent the entrepreneurs packing and it quickly became clear they weren't interested in a better deal for the players. That's why I say the players didn't stab the ACB in the back. The administrators had numerous opportunities to reach a compromise but displayed little interest in the welfare of the players. It wasn't really surprising then that more than 50 players from around the world signed lucrative WSC contracts and a revolution was born. About half of the WSC players were from Australia and this high ratio can, in part, be attributed to Bradman's tight-fisted approach to the ACB's money.^[55]

In WSC's debut season of 1977–78, Chappell hit the first Supertest century and finished fifth in overall averages.^[75] The prevalence of short-pitched fast bowling and a serious injury to Australian David Hookes led to the innovation of batting helmets; Chappell was one of the many batsmen to use one. Following their 1975–76 tour of Australia, the West Indies adopted a four-man fast bowling attack, while the World XI contained fast bowlers of the calibre of Imran Khan, Mike Procter, Garth Le Roux, Clive Rice and Sarfraz Nawaz. The constant diet of pace bowling undermined the confidence of some batsmen during WSC. Chappell’s form fell away during the second season and he scored only 181 runs at 25.85 in four Supertests.^[76] During the last six days of the season, the WSC Australians lost the finals of both the limited-overs competition (to the West Indies XI) and the Supertest series (to the World XI), thus forfeiting the winner-takes-all prize money. After the latter match, Chappell vented his frustrations on World XI captain Tony Greig by refusing to shake his hand and criticising Greig’s inconsequential contribution to his team’s victory.^[77] The final act of the competition was a series between the WSC Australians and the WSC West Indies played in the Caribbean in the spring of 1979. After the Australians suffered a heavy defeat in the first Supertest at Jamaica, Chappell rallied his team to draw the five match series one-all. His best effort were scores of 61 and 86 at Barbados.^[78]

Return to Tests

Convinced to return to official cricket when WSC ended, Chappell resumed as captain of SA in 1979–80, a decision he later regretted.^[79] It was a season too far for the increasingly irascible Chappell. Reported by an umpire for swearing in a match against Tasmania, he received a three-week suspension. In his first match after the ban, he was again reported for his conduct in a game against the touring English team. Given a suspended ban by the ACB, he was then selected for Australia's last three Tests of the season.^[80] His Test career finished with scores of 75 and 26 not out at the MCG against England in February 1980. In his final first-class match, SA needed to beat Victoria to win the Sheffield Shield. Although Chappell scored 112, SA lost the match and the shield. Ironically, the umpires voted him the competition's player of the season for a second time.^[81]

ODI record

Chappell’s aggressive approach suited limited-overs cricket: he scored his runs at a strike-rate of 77 runs per hundred balls.^[6] The timing of his career limited him to 16 ODI matches, but he appeared in a number of historic fixtures such as the first ODI (at the MCG in 1971),^[82] the first World Cup final (at Lord’s in 1975) and the first day/night match (during WSC, at VFL Park in 1978).^[83] He passed fifty in half of his innings with a top score of 86 at Christchurch in 1973–74. In his final season of international cricket, he scored 63 not out (from 65 balls) against the West Indies at the SCG to win the player of the match award; five days later he hit an unbeaten 60 from 50 balls in his penultimate ODI appearance, against England. As captain, he recorded six wins and five losses from 11 matches.

Captaincy statistics

The Chappell Stands at the Adelaide Oval, opened in 2003

Season	Opponent	Played	Won	Lost	Drawn
1970-1	England (home)	1	0	1	0
1972	England (away)	5	2	2	1
1972-73	Pakistan (home)	3	3	0	0
1972-73	West Indies (away)	5	2	0	3
1973-74	New Zealand (home)	3	2	0	1
1973-74	New Zealand (away)	3	1	1	1
1974-75	England (home)	6	4	1	1
1975	England (away)	4	1	0	3
	Official Tests	30	15	5	10
1971-72	Rest of World XI (home)	5	1	2	2
1977-78	WSC Supertests (home)	5	1	4	0
1978-79	WSC Supertests (home)	4	1	2	1
1979	WSC Supertests (West Indies)	5	1	1	3
	All Matches	49	19	14	16

Legacy

The title of the ABC's documentary The Chappell Era, broadcast in 2002, encapsulated Chappell's significance to Australian cricket. Subtitled Cricket in the '70s, it chronicled the rise of the Australian cricket team under Chappell, the fight for better pay for the players, and professionalisation of the game through WSC. During the program, Chappell reiterated his criticisms of cricket's administration at the time.^[36]

In Wisden, Richie Benaud wrote, "Chappell will be remembered as much for his bid to improve the players' lot as he will for his run-getting and captaincy".^[65] During the WSC period, he founded a players' association with a loan provided by Kerry Packer. Despite Chappell's continued support for the organisation after his retirement, apathy and a lack of recognition from the ACB led to its demise in 1988.^[84] Revived in 1997 as the Australian Cricketers' Association (ACA), it is now an important organisation within the structure of Australian cricket. In 2005, Chappell became a member of the ACA executive.^[85]

Chappell was inducted into the Sport Australia Hall of Fame in 1986,^[4] the FICA Cricket Hall of Fame in 2000 and the Australian Cricket Hall of Fame in 2003.^[86] Two new grandstands at the Adelaide Oval were named the Chappell Stands; at the dedication ceremony in 2003, the SACA president Ian McLachlan called the Chappells, "the most famous cricketing family in South Australia".^[87] In 2004, the Chappell family was again honoured with the creation of the Chappell-Hadlee Trophy, an annual series of ODI matches played between Australia and New Zealand.^[88]

Chappell is the leading advocate for greater formal recognition of the first Australian sporting team to travel overseas, the Australian Aboriginal cricket team in England in 1868.^[89]

Media career

Following the path of his grandfather Vic Richardson, who was a radio commentator for many years,^[11] Chappell entered the media in 1973 by writing ghosted magazine articles and a column for The Age.^[90] He did television commentary for the 0–10 Network and the BBC before playing WSC.^[91] During the 1980s, Chappell spent eight years co-hosting with Mike Gibson, Wide World of Sports, an innovative magazine-style program broadcast by Channel Nine on Saturday afternoons and co-hosted a sister show, Sports Sunday, for five years.^[92] Early in his stint on the former program, he swore without realising that he was live to air.^[91] A similar incident occurred during a live telecast of the 1993 Ashes series.^[52] Channel Nine suspended him on both occasions.

Leadership critiques

Chappell began working as a commentator for Channel Nine's cricket coverage in the 1980–81 season, a position he retains.^[92] The major controversy of his first season was the Underarm Incident, which involved his two younger brothers in an ODI played between Australia and New Zealand at the MCG. Chappell showed no fraternal bias and was vehement in his criticism of his brother Greg's tactic.^[91] He wrote in a newspaper column on the matter: "Fair dinkum, Greg, how much pride do you sacrifice to win $35,000?"^[93]

He supported the claims of Rod Marsh to the Australian captaincy over the incumbent, Kim Hughes, in the early 1980s. The constant campaign against Hughes destabilised his authority. Compounding the situation, the ACB compelled Hughes to be interviewed by Chappell on a regular basis. When Hughes resigned in 1984, throwing Australian cricket into turmoil, Chappell received a share of the blame for the outcome.^[94]

Chappell had a direct influence on Hughes’ successor, Allan Border. Early in his captaincy tenure, Border was struggling with the burdens of the position so the ACB appointed Bob Simpson as team coach to assist.^[95] This led to animosity between Chappell and Simpson as Chappell derided the need for a coach. Simpson responded by writing that the peer influence of older players helping younger players fell away during the era when the Chappell brothers led the team, and he was redressing the problem.^[96] Chappell believed that the Border-Simpson leadership was too defensive and that Simpson usurped too much of Border's control of the team; Border heeded Chappell’s assessment and adopted a more aggressive on-field approach later in his career.^[97] Mark Taylor, who captained the team after Border, moved to dilute Simpson's authority. Chappell remains a long-standing critic of the use of coaches by national teams.^[98]

Books and writings

Ashley Mallett's biography, Chappelli Speaks Out (published in the UK as Hitting Out — the Ian Chappell Story) was written in collaboration with Chappell and released in 2005. It caused controversy due to Chappell’s assessment of Steve Waugh, who he described as “selfish” and as a captain, “ran out of ideas very quickly”.^[99] Waugh responded by writing, “to say Chappell's criticism irked me would be an understatement.” He categorised the criticisms as "personal" and noted that Chappell, “always sweated on my blunders and reported them with an 'I told you so' mentality”.^[100] Chappell's first book was an account of the 1972 Ashes tour, Tigers Among the Lions, followed by a series of books of cricketing humour and anecdotes published in the early 1980s. The more analytical The Cutting Edge, an appraisal of modern cricket, appeared in 1992.^[5] In 2006, Chappell released an anthology of his cricket writings entitled A Golden Age.^[90] He is a regular contributor to Cricinfo.com.

Personal life

After leaving school, Chappell spent two years as a clerk in a sharebroker's office, which he left to play league cricket in England. He then worked as a promotions representative for Nestle and, later, the cigarette manufacturer WD & HO Wills. After eight years with Wills, Chappell capitalised on his fame as Australian captain by forming his own company specialising in advertising, promotion and journalism, which has remained his profession.^[101] He is twice married, and has a daughter (Amanda) with his first wife Kay. Chappell now lives in Sydney with his second wife Barbara-Ann. In recent years, Chappell has been a high-profile activist for better treatment of asylum seekers by the Australian government, in particular its policy of mandatory detention.^[102]

References

Books Brayshaw, Ian (1984): The Chappell Era, ABC Books. ISBN 0-642-52728-8 Cashman, Richard et al. — editors (1996): The Oxford Companion to Australian Cricket, OUP. ISBN 0-19-553575-8 Chappell, Ian (1976): Chappelli, Hutchinson Australia. ISBN 0 09 130170 x Haigh, Gideon (1993): The Cricket War - the Inside Story of Kerry Packer's World Series Cricket, Text Publishing. ISBN 1-86372-027-8 Harte, Chris (1993): A History of Australian Cricket, Andre Deutsch. ISBN 0-233-98825-4 Mallett, Ashley (2005): Chappelli Speaks Out, Allen & Unwin. ISBN 1-74114-456-6 McGregor, Adrian (1985): Greg Chappell, Collins. ISBN 0-00-217485-5 Simpson, Bob (1996): The Reasons Why, HarperSports. ISBN 0 7322 5664 x

Accessed on-line ABC Radio & TV transcripts The Age Australian Dictionary of Biography The Bulletin Lancashire Telegraph The Hindu The Sydney Morning Herald Wisden Cricketers' Almanack Cricinfo.com Cricket Archive MCG.org Rediff.com Australian Cricketers' Association Cricket Australia Sport Australia Hall of Fame

Notes

1. ^ ^{a b} MCG biography: Ian Chappell. Retrieved 20 August 2007. Archived September 4, 2007 at the Wayback Machine
2. ^ Cricinfo: An Aussie to the core. Retrieved 30 September 2007.
3. ^ The Hindu: ESPN-STAR sports sign Ian Chappell. Retrieved 2 October 2007.
4. ^ ^{a b c d e} Sport Australia Hall of Fame: Ian Chappell. Retrieved 12 November 2007.
5. ^ ^{a b c d e f} Cashman et al. (1996), p 103.
6. ^ ^{a b c d e} Cricinfo: Ian Chappell player profile. Retrieved 17 August 2007.
7. ^ Simpson (1996), p 54.
8. ^ p37, David Gower, Heros and Contemporaries, Granada Publishing Ltd, 1985
9. ^ The Age: In Warne's Words. Retrieved 8 October 2007.
10. ^ "Chappell, May, Graveney inducted into Hall of Fame". http://www.thesportscampus.com/200907091324/test-cricket/hof-inductees. 
11. ^ ^{a b} Australian Dictionary of Biography: Richardson, Victor York. Retrieved 11 October 2007.
12. ^ Mallett (2005), pp 7–8.
13. ^ Mallett (2005), p 11.
14. ^ WA Claxton Shield club. Retrieved 18 August 2007.
15. ^ Chappell (1976), p 39.
16. ^ Chappell (1976), pp 40–41.
17. ^ Mallett (2005), p 20.
18. ^ Lancashire Telegraph: Where are they now? Ian Chappell. Retrieved 13 November 2007.
19. ^ ^{a b c d} Brayshaw (1984), pp 30–33.
20. ^ Cricinfo: 1963–64 Sheffield Shield winning team reunites. Retrieved 19 August 2007.
21. ^ Wisden, 1966 edition: Australia v Pakistan scorecard. Retrieved 17 August 2007.
22. ^ ^{a b c d} Cricinfo Statsguru: Ian Chappell. Retrieved 11 November 2007.
23. ^ Mallett (2005), p 26.
24. ^ ^{a b c} "Statsguru - IM Chappell - Test matches - All-round analysis". Cricinfo. http://stats.cricinfo.com/statsguru/engine/player/4560.html?class=1;template=results;type=allround;view=match. Retrieved 2008-04-15. 
25. ^ Mallett (2005), p 30.
26. ^ Wisden, 1969 edition: The Australians in England 1968. Retrieved 19 August 2007.
27. ^ Chappell (1976), p 80.
28. ^ Wisden, 1971 edition: The Australians in Ceylon and India 1969–70. Retrieved 20 August 2007.
29. ^ ^{a b} Cricinfo: When they were kings. Retrieved 17 August 2007.
30. ^ Cricinfo: A tour too far. Retrieved 19 August 2007.^{[dead link]}
31. ^ Harte (1993), p 531.
32. ^ Wisden, 1972 edition: 2nd Test Australia v England, match report. Retrieved 13 November 2007.
33. ^ Wisden, 1972 edition: 5th Test Australia v England, match report. Retrieved 17 August 2007.
34. ^ Wisden, 1972 edition: The MCC in Australia and New Zealand 1970–71. Retrieved 17 August 2007.^{[dead link]}
35. ^ Cricinfo: The end of a Victorian hero. Retrieved 17 August 2007.
36. ^ ^{a b c d} ABC TV: 7.30 Report (transcript). Retrieved 20 August 2007.
37. ^ Mallett (2005), p 55.
38. ^ Chappell (1976), pp 74–75.
39. ^ Harte (1993), p 532–533.
40. ^ Cricinfo: World XI in Australia 1971–72. Retrieved 13 November 2007.
41. ^ Wisden, 1973 edition: 1st Test England v Australia, match report. Retrieved 13 November 2007.
42. ^ Mallett (2005), pp 75–76.
43. ^ Wisden, 1973 edition: 5th Test England v Australia, match report. Retrieved 17 August 2007.
44. ^ Mallett (2005), p 78.
45. ^ Wisden, 1974 edition: Pakistan in Australia 1972–73. Retrieved 8 October 2007.
46. ^ Wisden, 1974 edition: 3rd Test West Indies v Australia, match report. Retrieved 17 August 2007.
47. ^ Cricinfo: Most catches in a match. Retrieved 11 November 2007.
48. ^ Cricinfo: New Zealand's great day of fulfilment. Retrieved 17 August 2007.
49. ^ Chappell (1976), pp 138–142.
50. ^ Chappell (1976), p 33.
51. ^ Harte (1993), Chapter 28.
52. ^ ^{a b} Cricinfo: 'Jeez ... what have we got here? Retrieved 15 October 2007.
53. ^ Wisden, 1976 edition: The MCC in Australia and New Zealand 1974–75. Retrieved 18 August 2007.
54. ^ Wisden, 1976 edition: 1st Test Australia v England, match report. Retrieved 18 August 2007.
55. ^ ^{a b} The Bulletin: Tight flows the Don. Retrieved 8 October 2007.
56. ^ Harte (1993), p 560.
57. ^ ABC Sport: One-day cricket's tactical evolution. Retrieved 11 October 2007.
58. ^ The Hindu Sportstar Weekly: Leading from the front. Retrieved 13 November 2007.
59. ^ Wisden, 1976 edition: Prudential World Cup final, match report.
60. ^ Chappell (1976), p 120.
61. ^ Cricinfo: Vandals stopped play. Retrieved 13 November 2007.
62. ^ Wisden, 1976 edition: 4th Test England v Australia, match report. Retrieved 13 November 2007.
63. ^ Cricinfo: IM Chappell career summary. Retrieved 13 November 2007.
64. ^ ^{a b} Wisden, 1977 edition: West Indies in Australia 1975–76. Retrieved 13 November 2007.
65. ^ ^{a b c} Wisden, 1976 edition: Cricketer of the year — Ian Chappell. Retrieved 19 August 2007.
66. ^ Chappell (1976), statistical appendix.
67. ^ Mallett (2005), pp 126–128.
68. ^ Mallett (2005), p 128.
69. ^ Cricinfo: The feud that rumbles on. Retrieved 17 August 2007.
70. ^ Cricinfo: The Ashes — sparks set to fly between Botham and Chappell. (link broken) Retrieved 20 August 2007.
71. ^ The Bulletin: Chappell — My brawl with Botham. Retrieved 14 November 2007.
72. ^ Harte (1993), p 519.
73. ^ Harte (1993), p 561.
74. ^ Mallett (2005), p 156.
75. ^ Cricket Archive: WSC Supertests 1977–78. Retrieved 13 November 2007.
76. ^ Cricket Archive: WSC Supertests 1978–79. Retrieved 13 November 2007.
77. ^ Haigh (1993), pp 255–256.
78. ^ BBC Sport: Supertest results. Retrieved 13 November 2007.
79. ^ Mallett (2005), p 179.
80. ^ Wisden, 1981 edition: 2nd Test Australia v England, match report. Retrieved 18 August 2007.
81. ^ Mallett (2005), p 185.
82. ^ Cricinfo: Only ODI Australia v England, scorecard Retrieved 30 September 2007.
83. ^ Cricinfo: International Cup match 13 WSC Australia v WSC West Indies, scorecard. Retrieved 30 September 2007.
84. ^ Harte (1993), p 610.
85. ^ Australian Cricketers' Association: News release 28 September 2005. Retrieved 18 August 2007. Archived September 28, 2007 at the Wayback Machine
86. ^ Cricinfo: Cricket's Hall of Fame welcomes five new members. Retrieved 19 August 2007.
87. ^ Cricinfo: Chappell brothers and Clem Hill honoured at Adelaide Oval. Retrieved 19 August 2007.
88. ^ Cricket Australia: News release. Retrieved 8 October 2007.
89. ^ Cricket Australia: News release. Retrieved 19 August 2007.
90. ^ ^{a b} Sydney Morning Herald: Ian Chappell — no aggro or ego just the bloody brutal truth. Retrieved 15 October 2007.
91. ^ ^{a b c} Cricinfo: 'I get really annoyed with one-sided cricket'. Retrieved 15 October 2007.
92. ^ ^{a b} Mallett (2005), p 188.
93. ^ McGregor (1985), p 209.
94. ^ Cricinfo: The crying game. Retrieved 12 October 2007.
95. ^ Cricinfo: Buchanan tells Simpson to stay with the times. Retrieved 15 October 2007.
96. ^ Simpson (1996), pp 205–206.
97. ^ The Age: Savour dominance — Border Retrieved 23 October 2007.
98. ^ Rediff: Interview — Ian Chappell. Retrieved 2 October 2006.
99. ^ Mallett (2005), chapter 13.
100. ^ The Age: Waugh ‘betrayed’ in the Caribbean. Retrieved 15 October 2007.
101. ^ Chappell (1976), p 47.
102. ^ ABC TV: Australian story — The unusual suspect (transcript). Retrieved 23 October 2007.

External links

• CricInfo Player Profile: Ian Chappell
• Ian Chappell interviewed on Enough Rope in 2006 (includes video)
• Highlights of Ian Chappell's 192 at The Oval in 1975 on YouTube

Sporting positions
Preceded by Bill Lawry	Australian Test cricket captains 1970/1–1975	Succeeded by Greg Chappell
Preceded by Bill Lawry	Australian One-day International cricket captains 1972–1975	Succeeded by Greg Chappell

Persondata
Name	Chappell, Ian Michael
Alternative names
Short description	Cricketer
Date of birth	26 September 1943
Place of birth	Unley, South Australia
Date of death
Place of death