Joseph von Radowitz

Joseph Maria Ernst Christian Wilhelm von Radowitz (February 6, 1797 – 25 December 1853) was a conservative Prussian statesman and general famous for his proposal to unify Germany under Prussian leadership by means of a negotiated agreement among the reigning German princes.

Radowitz was born to Roman Catholic nobility on at Blankenburg am Harz, in Brunswick-Wolfenbüttel, his family being of Serbian origin. He received a military education in France and fought in Napoleon's army. As a young lieutenant in the Westphalian artillery, he was wounded and taken prisoner at the battle of Leipzig (1813), subsequently entered the Hanoverian service, and in 1823 that of Prussia. His promotion was rapid, and in 1830 he became chief of the general staff of the artillery.

In 1836, Radowitz went as Prussian military plenipotentiary to the federal diet at Frankfurt, and in 1842 was appointed envoy to the courts of Karlsruhe, Darmstadt and Nassau. He had early become an intimate friend of the crown prince (afterwards King Frederick William IV), and the Prussian constitution of February 1847 was an attempt to realize the ideas put forward by him in his "Gespräche aus den Gegenwart der Staat und Kirche", published under the pseudony] "Waldheim" in 1846.

In November 1847 and March 1848 Radowitz was sent by Frederick William to Vienna to attempt to arrange common action for the reconstruction of the German Confederation. In the Frankfurt Parliament he was leader of the conservative Right; and, after its break-up, he was zealous in promoting the Unionist policy of Prussia, which he defended both in the Prussian diet and in the Erfurt parliament. He was practically responsible for the foreign policy of Prussia from May 1848 onwards, and on 27 September 1851 he was appointed minister of foreign affairs. He resigned, however, on 2 November, owing to the king's refusal to settle the difficulties with the Austrian Empire by an appeal to arms. In August 1852, he was appointed director of military education, but the rest of his life was devoted mainly to literary pursuits.

Radowitz published, in addition to several political treatises, "Ikonographie der Heiligen, im Beitrag zur Kunstgeschichte" (Berlin, 1834) and "Devisen und Mottos des spätern Mittelalters" (ii., 1850). His "Gesammelte Schriften" were published in 5 vols. at Berlin, 1852-53.

References

* [http://www.cats.ohiou.edu/~Chastain/rz/radowitz.htm Encyclopedia of 1848 Revolutions: Joseph Maria von Radowitz]
*Josef von Radowitz. "Nachgelassene Briefe und Aufzeichnungen zur Geschichte der Jahre 1848-1853". W. Moring (ed.) (1922).
* [http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/12631c.htm Joseph Maria von Radowitz] - Catholic Encyclopedia article