Alcohol

Alcohol
Alcohol Al"co*hol ([a^]l"k[-o]*h[o^]l), n. [Cf. F. alcool, formerly written alcohol, Sp. alcohol alcohol, antimony, galena, OSp. alcofol; all fr. Ar. al-kohl a powder of antimony or galena, to paint the eyebrows with. The name was afterwards applied, on account of the fineness of this powder, to highly rectified spirits, a signification unknown in Arabia. The Sp. word has both meanings. Cf. {Alquifou}.] 1. An impalpable powder. [Obs.] [1913 Webster]

2. The fluid essence or pure spirit obtained by distillation. [Obs.] --Boyle. [1913 Webster]

3. Pure spirit of wine; pure or highly rectified spirit (called also {ethyl alcohol} or {ethanol}, {CH3.CH2.OH}); the spirituous or intoxicating element of fermented or distilled liquors, or more loosely a liquid containing it in considerable quantity. It is extracted by simple distillation from various vegetable juices and infusions of a saccharine nature, which have undergone vinous fermentation.

Note: [The ferementation is usually carried out by addition of brewer's yeast, {Saccharomyces cerevisiae} to an aqueous solution containing carbohydrates.] [1913 Webster +PJC]

Note: As used in the U. S. ``Pharmacop[oe]ia,'' alcohol contains 91 per cent by weight of ethyl alcohol and 9 per cent of water; and diluted alcohol (proof spirit) contains 45.5 per cent by weight of ethyl alcohol and 54.5 per cent of water. [1913 Webster]

4. (Organic Chem.) A class of compounds analogous to vinic alcohol in constitution. Chemically speaking, they are hydroxides of certain organic radicals; as, the radical ethyl forms common or {ethyl alcohol} ({C2H5.OH}); methyl forms {methyl alcohol} ({CH3.OH}) or {wood spirit}; amyl forms {amyl alcohol} ({C5H11.OH}) or {fusel oil}, etc. [1913 Webster]


The Collaborative International Dictionary of English. 2000.

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  • alcohol — (Del ár. hisp. kuḥúl, y este del ár. clás. kuḥl). 1. m. Quím. Cada uno de los compuestos orgánicos que contienen el grupo hidroxilo unido a un radical alifático o a alguno de sus derivados. 2. por antonom. alcohol etílico. 3. Bebida que contiene… …   Diccionario de la lengua española

  • alcohol — m. bioquím. Nombre de diversas sustancias orgánicas formadas por carbono, hidrógeno y oxígeno que derivan de los hidrocarburos al ser substituidos uno o varios átomos de hidrógeno por otros tantos hidroxilos (OH). En el organismo, el consumo de… …   Diccionario médico

  • alcohol — sustantivo masculino 1. Líquido de olor fuerte, incoloro e inflamable, que se obtiene de la destilación de ciertas sustancias, azucaradas o feculentas, fermentadas: cuarenta grados de alcohol. alcohol etílico. 2. Bebida que contiene este líquido …   Diccionario Salamanca de la Lengua Española

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  • alcohol — [al′kə hôl΄, al′kəhäl΄] n. [ML, term used by PARACELSUS Philippus Aureolus for fine powder, distilled spirit < Ar alkuḥl, antimony powder, collyrium < al, the + kuḥl, KOHL] 1. a colorless, volatile, pungent liquid, C2H5OH: it can be burned… …   English World dictionary

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  • alcohol — (n.) 1540s (early 15c. as alcofol), fine powder produced by sublimation, from M.L. alcohol powdered ore of antimony, from Arabic al kuhul kohl, the fine metallic powder used to darken the eyelids, from kahala to stain, paint. The al is the Arabic …   Etymology dictionary

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